{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2089620276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.10.044","title":"Improvement to thin film CdTe solar cells with controlled back surface oxidation","display_name":"Improvement to thin film CdTe solar cells with controlled back surface oxidation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2089620276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.10.044","mag":"2089620276"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2014.10.044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.10.044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.10.044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166040772","display_name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","issn_l":"0927-0248","issn":["0927-0248","1879-3398"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/24668/1/AAM_Rugen-Hankey%20et%20al_2015_Improvement%20to%20thin%20film%20CdTe%20solar%20cells%20with%20controlled%20back%20surface%20oxidation.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053070788","display_name":"S.L. Rugen-Hankey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184856343","display_name":"Wrexham University","ror":"https://ror.org/048kc0s52","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184856343"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.L. Rugen-Hankey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Solar Energy Research, Glyndwr University, OpTIC, Denbighshire, St Asaph LL17 0JD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Solar Energy Research, Glyndwr University, OpTIC, Denbighshire, St Asaph LL17 0JD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184856343"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064543109","display_name":"Andrew James Clayton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1540-0440","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1540-0440"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184856343","display_name":"Wrexham University","ror":"https://ror.org/048kc0s52","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184856343"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A.J. Clayton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Solar Energy Research, Glyndwr University, OpTIC, Denbighshire, St Asaph LL17 0JD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Solar Energy Research, Glyndwr University, OpTIC, Denbighshire, St Asaph LL17 0JD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184856343"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041931000","display_name":"Vincent Barrioz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6299-538X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6299-538X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184856343","display_name":"Wrexham University","ror":"https://ror.org/048kc0s52","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184856343"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Barrioz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Solar Energy Research, Glyndwr University, OpTIC, Denbighshire, St Asaph LL17 0JD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Solar Energy Research, Glyndwr University, OpTIC, Denbighshire, St Asaph LL17 0JD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184856343"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009575241","display_name":"G. Kartopu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5279-404X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5279-404X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184856343","display_name":"Wrexham University","ror":"https://ror.org/048kc0s52","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184856343"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Kartopu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Solar Energy Research, Glyndwr University, OpTIC, Denbighshire, St Asaph LL17 0JD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Solar Energy Research, Glyndwr University, OpTIC, Denbighshire, St Asaph LL17 0JD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184856343"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088028111","display_name":"S.J.C. Irvine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1652-4496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1652-4496"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184856343","display_name":"Wrexham University","ror":"https://ror.org/048kc0s52","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184856343"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.J.C. Irvine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Solar Energy Research, Glyndwr University, OpTIC, Denbighshire, St Asaph LL17 0JD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Solar Energy Research, Glyndwr University, OpTIC, Denbighshire, St Asaph LL17 0JD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184856343"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019718006","display_name":"James McGettrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7719-2958","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7719-2958"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130793","display_name":"Tata Steel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03bj8zh59","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086519","https://openalex.org/I4210130793","https://openalex.org/I87816474"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.D. McGettrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research & Development, Tata Steel, Rotherham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research & Development, Tata Steel, Rotherham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048033994","display_name":"Deborah B. Hammond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3785-2947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3785-2947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130793","display_name":"Tata Steel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03bj8zh59","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086519","https://openalex.org/I4210130793","https://openalex.org/I87816474"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Hammond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research & Development, Tata Steel, Rotherham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research & Development, Tata Steel, Rotherham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064543109"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184856343"],"apc_list":{"value":4340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4340},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7976,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90478197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"136","issue":null,"first_page":"213","last_page":"217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11637","display_name":"Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-deposition-annealing","display_name":"post-deposition annealing","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-circuit-voltage","display_name":"open-circuit voltage","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fill-factor","display_name":"fill factor","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/device-aging","display_name":"device aging","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-quantum-efficiency","display_name":"external quantum efficiency","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mocvd-growth","display_name":"MOCVD growth","score":0.4650000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6110044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118086","display_name":"Cadmium telluride photovoltaics","level":2,"score":0.7669733762741089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779845233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381567","display_name":"Photocurrent","level":2,"score":0.7327644228935242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175665537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1924991","display_name":"Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy","level":4,"score":0.6804275512695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175708663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899559","display_name":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.6339103579521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6088148355484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205507967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900625","display_name":"Quantum efficiency","level":2,"score":0.5688067078590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339544","display_name":"Annealing (glass)","level":2,"score":0.5503855347633362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.5102908611297607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.4860990047454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57410435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505668","display_name":"Chemical vapor deposition","level":2,"score":0.4259757399559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57863236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571","display_name":"Doping","level":2,"score":0.4206226170063019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.38190168142318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3552819490432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3506387174129486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3022591471672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.2843048572540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.21982860565185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.1294410526752472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0712641179561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110738630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135540","display_name":"Epitaxy","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2014.10.044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.10.044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.10.044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166040772","display_name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","issn_l":"0927-0248","issn":["0927-0248","1879-3398"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:glyndwr.collections.crest.ac.uk:8294","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://glyndwr.collections.crest.ac.uk/8294/1/id174_Clayton_Improvement_to_thin_film_CdTe_solar_cells_with_controlled_back_surface_oxidation.pdf","pdf_url":"https://glyndwr.collections.crest.ac.uk/8294/1/id174_Clayton_Improvement_to_thin_film_CdTe_solar_cells_with_controlled_back_surface_oxidation.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400866","display_name":"Glyndwr University Research Online (Glyndwr University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184856343","host_organization_name":"Wrexham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184856343"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:24668","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/24668/1/AAM_Rugen-Hankey%20et%20al_2015_Improvement%20to%20thin%20film%20CdTe%20solar%20cells%20with%20controlled%20back%20surface%20oxidation.pdf","pdf_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/24668/1/AAM_Rugen-Hankey%20et%20al_2015_Improvement%20to%20thin%20film%20CdTe%20solar%20cells%20with%20controlled%20back%20surface%20oxidation.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:24668","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/24668/1/AAM_Rugen-Hankey%20et%20al_2015_Improvement%20to%20thin%20film%20CdTe%20solar%20cells%20with%20controlled%20back%20surface%20oxidation.pdf","pdf_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/24668/1/AAM_Rugen-Hankey%20et%20al_2015_Improvement%20to%20thin%20film%20CdTe%20solar%20cells%20with%20controlled%20back%20surface%20oxidation.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2089620276.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2089620276.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565637557","https://openalex.org/W1777001272","https://openalex.org/W1975476190","https://openalex.org/W1985227429","https://openalex.org/W1992002148","https://openalex.org/W2001773208","https://openalex.org/W2004689684","https://openalex.org/W2005159088","https://openalex.org/W2007456270","https://openalex.org/W2018942263","https://openalex.org/W2021640734","https://openalex.org/W2022498469","https://openalex.org/W2037548194","https://openalex.org/W2044450271","https://openalex.org/W2051701355","https://openalex.org/W2052371563","https://openalex.org/W2058782277","https://openalex.org/W2064684502","https://openalex.org/W2106603672","https://openalex.org/W2131713701","https://openalex.org/W2135028281","https://openalex.org/W2140042874","https://openalex.org/W2144621898","https://openalex.org/W2155508948","https://openalex.org/W2167378835"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037094269","https://openalex.org/W2212349703","https://openalex.org/W3117498532","https://openalex.org/W3095272111","https://openalex.org/W2073037818","https://openalex.org/W1551519192","https://openalex.org/W2097591715","https://openalex.org/W2197969593","https://openalex.org/W2149733631","https://openalex.org/W2462975964"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}