{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2089536152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1138012","title":"Determination of experimental tokamak plasma profiles using maximum-entropy analysis","display_name":"Determination of experimental tokamak plasma profiles using maximum-entropy analysis","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2089536152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1138012","mag":"2089536152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1138012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1138012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1138012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019776618","display_name":"Geoff A. Cottrell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. A. Cottrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["GA Technologies Incorporated, P. O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92138"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GA Technologies Incorporated, P. O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92138","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014092584","display_name":"E. Fairbanks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. S. Fairbanks","raw_affiliation_strings":["GA Technologies Incorporated, P. O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92138"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GA Technologies Incorporated, P. O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92138","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064128355","display_name":"R. E. Stockdale","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. E. Stockdale","raw_affiliation_strings":["GA Technologies Incorporated, P. O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92138"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GA Technologies Incorporated, P. O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92138","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.951,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74142947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"5","first_page":"984","last_page":"986"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13769","display_name":"Fusion and Plasma Physics Studies","score":0.016300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10781","display_name":"Low-Pressure Plasma Processing and Diagnostics","score":0.008799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-entropy-analysis","display_name":"maximum entropy analysis","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-laser-interferometer","display_name":"CO2 laser interferometer","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doublet-iii-tokamak","display_name":"Doublet III tokamak","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"noise reduction","score":0.7860000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116515362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188589","display_name":"Tokamak","level":3,"score":0.7769549489021301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.6820563077926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.5226961374282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.5038711428642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194147245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076368","display_name":"Chord (peer-to-peer)","level":2,"score":0.47472772002220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.46243512630462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4397073984146118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4343258738517761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55037315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421151","display_name":"Experimental data","level":2,"score":0.42499569058418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3583059310913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.34248799085617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.32280945777893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.258394718170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24472013115882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.09128949046134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1138012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1138012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1138012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041404167","https://openalex.org/W2052958516","https://openalex.org/W2057998971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388376138","https://openalex.org/W3088170356","https://openalex.org/W2044690769","https://openalex.org/W1542813343","https://openalex.org/W2075568960","https://openalex.org/W2791491585","https://openalex.org/W2322178791","https://openalex.org/W3206451426","https://openalex.org/W277534165","https://openalex.org/W2031387871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,99,136],"diagnostician":[1],"commonly":[2],"faces":[3],"the":[4,8,37,47,67,74,83,103,121,130,151],"problem":[5],"of":[6,56,76,106,118,133],"extracting":[7],"maximum":[9,85],"information":[10],"on":[11,120,150],"plasma":[12],"spatial":[13],"profiles":[14],"from":[15],"only":[16,109],"a":[17,28,32,53,126],"very":[18],"limited":[19],"and":[20,49,123],"noisy":[21],"data":[22,39,148],"set.":[23],"Conventionally,":[24],"functional":[25],"forms":[26],"(e.g.,":[27],"parabola":[29],"raised":[30],"to":[31,36,52,142],"power)":[33],"are":[34,94],"fitted":[35],"measured":[38,143],"using":[40],"nonlinear":[41],"least-squares":[42],"regression.":[43],"This":[44],"immediately":[45],"biases":[46],"interpretation":[48],"constrains":[50],"results":[51],"narrow":[54],"family":[55],"curves":[57],"for":[58],"which":[59,128],"there":[60],"may":[61],"be":[62],"no":[63,90],"real":[64],"evidence":[65],"in":[66],"data.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70,78],"paper,":[71],"we":[72],"examine":[73],"consequences":[75],"abandoning":[77],"assumption":[79],"and,":[80],"instead,":[81],"seek":[82],"constrained":[84],"entropy":[86],"(ME)":[87],"profile":[88,127],"making":[89],"such":[91],"assumptions.":[92],"Results":[93],"compared":[95],"with":[96,140],"conventional":[97],"analysis.":[98],"ME":[100],"method":[101,137],"has":[102],"inherent":[104],"advantages":[105],"(i)":[107],"yielding":[108],"positive":[110],"(and":[111],"therefore":[112],"physically":[113],"meaningful)":[114],"profiles,":[115],"(ii)":[116],"suppression":[117],"noise":[119],"data,":[122],"(iii)":[124],"producing":[125],"contains":[129],"least":[131],"amount":[132],"spurious":[134],"detail.":[135],"is":[138],"illustrated":[139],"reference":[141],"chord-average":[144],"CO2":[145],"laser":[146],"interferometer":[147],"taken":[149],"Doublet":[152],"III":[153],"tokamak.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}