{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2088073587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.4604.388","title":"Perception of Iconicity in American Sign Language by Hearing and Deaf Subjects","display_name":"Perception of Iconicity in American Sign Language by Hearing and Deaf Subjects","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2088073587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.4604.388","mag":"2088073587","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7300266"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1044/jshd.4604.388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.4604.388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.4604.388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2755213894","display_name":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders","issn_l":"0022-4677","issn":["0022-4677","2163-6184"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320281","host_organization_name":"American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320281"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067724636","display_name":"Penny L. Griffith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149910238","display_name":"Kent State University","ror":"https://ror.org/049pfb863","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Penny L. Griffith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kent State University, Kent, Ohio"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kent State University, Kent, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012336479","display_name":"Jacques H. Robinson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149910238","display_name":"Kent State University","ror":"https://ror.org/049pfb863","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacques H. Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kent State University, Kent, Ohio"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kent State University, Kent, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039817561","display_name":"John M. Panagos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149910238","display_name":"Kent State University","ror":"https://ror.org/049pfb863","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M. Panagos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kent State University, Kent, Ohio"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kent State University, Kent, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1689,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76705517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"4","first_page":"388","last_page":"397"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iconicity","display_name":"iconicity","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-sign-language","display_name":"American Sign Language","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language-semantics","display_name":"sign language semantics","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deaf-adults","display_name":"deaf adults","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association-value","display_name":"association value","score":0.6079999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175475021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483324","display_name":"Iconicity","level":2,"score":0.9883729219436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776737515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14759","display_name":"American Sign Language","level":3,"score":0.7290277481079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.7029635310173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6378476023674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6374589204788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5955702066421509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5933103561401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.55926513671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5022094249725342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780493683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16035842","display_name":"Hearing loss","level":2,"score":0.41451066732406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.19006511569023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06905296444892883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003638","descriptor_name":"Deafness","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008369","descriptor_name":"Manual Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011578","descriptor_name":"Psycholinguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012813","descriptor_name":"Sign Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1044/jshd.4604.388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.4604.388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.4604.388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2755213894","display_name":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders","issn_l":"0022-4677","issn":["0022-4677","2163-6184"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320281","host_organization_name":"American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320281"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7300266","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7300266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of speech and hearing disorders","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062288462","https://openalex.org/W2373525716","https://openalex.org/W2958944944","https://openalex.org/W7019610334","https://openalex.org/W4388811097","https://openalex.org/W4392286680","https://openalex.org/W2798023367","https://openalex.org/W7130386372","https://openalex.org/W2626708993","https://openalex.org/W7146986482"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Three":[0],"groups":[1],"of":[2,23,38,79],"subjects":[3],"differing":[4],"in":[5,25,54],"age,":[6],"language":[7],"experience,":[8],"and":[9,45,51,64,91],"familiarity":[10],"with":[11],"American":[12,28],"Sign":[13,29],"Language":[14],"were":[15,32],"compared":[16],"on":[17,70,82],"three":[18],"tasks":[19,71],"regarding":[20,72],"the":[21,36],"perception":[22],"iconicity":[24,80],"signs":[26,42,50,90],"from":[27],"Language.":[30],"Subjects":[31],"asked":[33],"to":[34,40,46],"guess":[35],"meaning":[37,53],"signs,":[39],"rate":[41],"for":[43],"iconicity,":[44],"state":[47],"connections":[48],"between":[49,89],"their":[52],"English.":[55],"Results":[56,74],"showed":[57],"that":[58],"hearing":[59,65],"college":[60],"students,":[61],"deaf":[62],"adults,":[63],"first-grade":[66],"children":[67],"perform":[68],"similarly":[69],"iconicity.":[73],"suggest":[75],"a":[76],"psycholinguistic":[77],"definition":[78],"based":[81],"association":[83],"values,":[84],"rather":[85],"than":[86],"physical":[87],"resemblances":[88],"real-world":[92],"referents.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}