{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087967923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/10/6/065006","title":"Appraisal of gas hydrate resources based on a P- and S-impedance reflectivity template: case study from the deep sea sediments in Iran","display_name":"Appraisal of gas hydrate resources based on a P- and S-impedance reflectivity template: case study from the deep sea sediments in Iran","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087967923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/10/6/065006","mag":"2087967923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1742-2132/10/6/065006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/10/6/065006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/10/6/065006","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jge/article-pdf/10/6/065006/26785482/jge13_6_065006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35316464","display_name":"Journal of Geophysics and Engineering","issn_l":"1742-2132","issn":["1742-2132","1742-2140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysics and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jge/article-pdf/10/6/065006/26785482/jge13_6_065006.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051090118","display_name":"Behnam Hosseini Shoar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behnam Hosseini Shoar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065359389","display_name":"Abdolrahim Javaherian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1574-7062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1574-7062"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdolrahim Javaherian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","Formerly, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Formerly, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062628746","display_name":"Nasser Keshavarz Faraj Khah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7037-9283","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7037-9283"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268483","display_name":"Research Institute of Petroleum Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/014ddrq38","country_code":"IR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268483"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasser Keshavarz Farajkhah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Exploration and Production Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exploration and Production Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043790114","display_name":"Mojtaba Seddigh Arabani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126467225","display_name":"National Iranian Oil Company (Iran)","ror":"https://ror.org/02j3xat32","country_code":"IR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126467225"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mojtaba Seddigh Arabani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geophysics, Exploration Directorate, National Iranian Oil Company, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geophysics, Exploration Directorate, National Iranian Oil Company, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126467225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065359389"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296","https://openalex.org/I23946033"],"apc_list":{"value":1550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2103,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48539216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"065006","last_page":"065006"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10995","display_name":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10995","display_name":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10399","display_name":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-hydrate-resources","display_name":"gas hydrate resources","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottom-simulating-reflector","display_name":"bottom simulating reflector","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p-impedance","display_name":"P-impedance","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s-impedance","display_name":"S-impedance","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avo-analysis","display_name":"AVO analysis","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-medium-theory","display_name":"effective medium theory","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-gas","display_name":"free gas","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/makran-accretionary-prism","display_name":"Makran accretionary prism","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-sea-sediments","display_name":"deep-sea sediments","score":0.8180000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100402318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864080","display_name":"Clathrate hydrate","level":3,"score":0.8133461475372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117485682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215920","display_name":"Seafloor spreading","level":2,"score":0.7215083241462708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6885303854942322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44140439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419990","display_name":"Accretionary wedge","level":4,"score":0.628981351852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.59893798828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59000536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4748519","display_name":"Amplitude versus offset","level":3,"score":0.5954098701477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776871995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85794422","display_name":"Prestack","level":2,"score":0.5881034135818481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781060337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462174","display_name":"Hydrate","level":2,"score":0.5164544582366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.5001747608184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.4879907965660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.4495493471622467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.4445143938064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21790881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070117","display_name":"Deep sea","level":2,"score":0.42733627557754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5900021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163082","display_name":"Petrology","level":1,"score":0.41418159008026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41283899545669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.22050517797470093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.17578387260437012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1600281000137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13796564936637878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58097730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176318","display_name":"Subduction","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1742-2132/10/6/065006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/10/6/065006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/10/6/065006","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jge/article-pdf/10/6/065006/26785482/jge13_6_065006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35316464","display_name":"Journal of Geophysics and Engineering","issn_l":"1742-2132","issn":["1742-2132","1742-2140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysics and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1742-2132/10/6/065006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/10/6/065006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/10/6/065006","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jge/article-pdf/10/6/065006/26785482/jge13_6_065006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35316464","display_name":"Journal of Geophysics and Engineering","issn_l":"1742-2132","issn":["1742-2132","1742-2140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysics and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087967923.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087967923.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W580790860","https://openalex.org/W1579868249","https://openalex.org/W1667323318","https://openalex.org/W1963967489","https://openalex.org/W1967815771","https://openalex.org/W1984226789","https://openalex.org/W1988042784","https://openalex.org/W1991623636","https://openalex.org/W2000153165","https://openalex.org/W2000548341","https://openalex.org/W2009889398","https://openalex.org/W2017358505","https://openalex.org/W2023087914","https://openalex.org/W2032834880","https://openalex.org/W2051646031","https://openalex.org/W2067114944","https://openalex.org/W2067665961","https://openalex.org/W2072275194","https://openalex.org/W2080519431","https://openalex.org/W2114383366","https://openalex.org/W2117655138","https://openalex.org/W2119071935","https://openalex.org/W2140138935","https://openalex.org/W2144798215","https://openalex.org/W2148096205","https://openalex.org/W2169964246","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4312608366"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984836025","https://openalex.org/W290961001","https://openalex.org/W1976250923","https://openalex.org/W2033949040","https://openalex.org/W2315371230","https://openalex.org/W4242086399","https://openalex.org/W2500100301","https://openalex.org/W2092372946","https://openalex.org/W2355682016","https://openalex.org/W1993550545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"occurrence":[1],"of":[2,20,32,41,61,96,110,141,149,158,188,201,231,258,266,281],"a":[3,59,67,162,209,222],"bottom":[4],"simulating":[5],"reflector":[6],"(BSR)":[7],"in":[8,48,224,252],"the":[9,18,30,38,71,87,97,103,116,124,147,151,159,174,181,186,189,195,216,226,232,244,259,267,276],"2D":[10,245],"seismic":[11,75,250],"data":[12,76,168,206],"from":[13],"Makran's":[14],"accretionary":[15],"prism":[16],"reveals":[17],"presence":[19],"gas":[21,25,101,193,260,269],"hydrate":[22,72,98,130,190,261],"and":[23,56,99,112,138,177,191,262,278],"free":[24,100,192,268],"several":[26],"hundred":[27],"meters":[28],"below":[29],"seafloor":[31],"Iran's":[33],"deep":[34,49],"sea.":[35],"According":[36],"to":[37,69,221,234,256,264,272],"global":[39],"distribution":[40,131],"marine":[42,246],"hydrates,":[43],"they":[44],"are":[45,92,107,119,169,270],"widely":[46],"present":[47],"sea":[50],"sediments,":[51],"where":[52],"high":[53],"operational":[54],"costs":[55],"hazards":[57],"cause":[58],"lack":[60],"well":[62,166],"log":[63,167],"information.":[64],"Therefore,":[65],"developing":[66],"method":[68],"quantify":[70],"resources":[73],"with":[74,133],"is":[77],"an":[78],"ultimate":[79],"goal":[80],"for":[81,94,128,161],"unexplored":[82],"regions.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85,202,240],"study,":[86],"so-called":[88],"reflectivity":[89],"templates":[90],"(RTs)":[91],"introduced":[93],"quantification":[95,211],"near":[102,194,275],"BSR.":[104,117],"These":[105],"RTs":[106],"intuitive":[108],"crossplots":[109],"P-impedance":[111,176],"S-impedance":[113,178],"contrasts":[114,179],"across":[115,180],"They":[118],"calculated":[120],"theoretically":[121],"based":[122],"on":[123,136,183,239,243],"effective":[125],"medium":[126],"theory":[127],"different":[129],"modes":[132],"some":[134],"assumptions":[135],"porosity":[137],"mineralogical":[139],"composition":[140],"unconsolidated":[142],"sediments.":[143],"This":[144],"technique":[145],"suggests":[146],"possibility":[148],"using":[150],"amplitude":[152],"variation":[153],"versus":[154],"offset":[155],"(AVO)":[156],"analysis":[157],"BSR":[160,182,196],"quantitative":[163],"interpretation":[164],"when":[165],"not":[170],"available.":[171],"By":[172],"superimposing":[173],"AVO-derived":[175],"these":[184],"RTs,":[185],"saturations":[187],"could":[197,212],"be":[198,213,273],"estimated.":[199],"Validation":[200],"approach":[203,241],"by":[204],"synthetic":[205],"showed":[207],"that":[208],"reliable":[210],"achieved":[214],"if":[215],"model":[217],"parameters":[218],"were":[219],"rearranged":[220],"form":[223],"which":[225],"AVO":[227],"inversion":[228],"was":[229],"independent":[230],"S-wave":[233],"P-wave":[235],"velocity-ratio":[236],"assumption.":[237],"Based":[238],"applied":[242],"pre-stack":[247],"time":[248],"migrated":[249],"line":[251],"offshore":[253],"Iran,":[254],"4%":[255],"28%":[257],"1%":[263],"2%":[265],"expected":[271],"accumulated":[274],"thrusted-ridge":[277],"thrusted-footwall":[279],"types":[280],"BSRs.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}