{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087962363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.18.4.749","title":"The process of lexical decision: More words about a parallel distributed processing model.","display_name":"The process of lexical decision: More words about a parallel distributed processing model.","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087962363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.18.4.749","mag":"2087962363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037//0278-7393.18.4.749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.18.4.749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.18.4.749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18666220","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition","issn_l":"0278-7393","issn":["0278-7393","1939-1285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051812558","display_name":"Paul Fera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Fera","raw_affiliation_strings":["U Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016631512","display_name":"Derek Besner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0442-2799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0442-2799"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek Besner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3944,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93092393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"749","last_page":"764"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-decision-task","display_name":"lexical decision","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionist-models","display_name":"connectionist models","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthographic-overlap","display_name":"orthographic overlap","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-time","display_name":"reaction time","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"word recognition","score":0.5619999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7019280195236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.587065577507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126398093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202238","display_name":"Lexical decision task","level":3,"score":0.4328475296497345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984634286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331926","display_name":"Decision process","level":2,"score":0.4301976263523102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.42219170928001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3702027201652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.16532433032989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15334004163742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.10889884829521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09005233645439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037//0278-7393.18.4.749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.18.4.749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.18.4.749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18666220","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition","issn_l":"0278-7393","issn":["0278-7393","1939-1285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037/0278-7393.18.4.749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.18.4.749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.18.4.749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18666220","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition","issn_l":"0278-7393","issn":["0278-7393","1939-1285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102885543","https://openalex.org/W124023250","https://openalex.org/W608038899","https://openalex.org/W772543736","https://openalex.org/W1519165391","https://openalex.org/W1557591406","https://openalex.org/W1562988084","https://openalex.org/W1652505363","https://openalex.org/W1715930247","https://openalex.org/W1966350061","https://openalex.org/W1975460076","https://openalex.org/W1978036470","https://openalex.org/W1987264481","https://openalex.org/W1990948551","https://openalex.org/W2003676127","https://openalex.org/W2006148726","https://openalex.org/W2007780422","https://openalex.org/W2024245812","https://openalex.org/W2025192393","https://openalex.org/W2030428301","https://openalex.org/W2030831236","https://openalex.org/W2031270776","https://openalex.org/W2040187703","https://openalex.org/W2040690466","https://openalex.org/W2051349385","https://openalex.org/W2059167547","https://openalex.org/W2071517223","https://openalex.org/W2071666225","https://openalex.org/W2073257493","https://openalex.org/W2076621986","https://openalex.org/W2076852153","https://openalex.org/W2079348943","https://openalex.org/W2083075415","https://openalex.org/W2083661622","https://openalex.org/W2119583246","https://openalex.org/W2120824791","https://openalex.org/W2135255848","https://openalex.org/W2149379402","https://openalex.org/W2159664662","https://openalex.org/W2226027519","https://openalex.org/W2275773297","https://openalex.org/W2500623101","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W7221095264"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008577757","https://openalex.org/W2090290362","https://openalex.org/W7097825674","https://openalex.org/W2164848451","https://openalex.org/W1991242288","https://openalex.org/W2023288777","https://openalex.org/W2138649362","https://openalex.org/W2499335270","https://openalex.org/W1989635369","https://openalex.org/W7098313136"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Central":[0],"to":[1,76],"Seidenberg":[2],"and":[3,37,58,89],"McClelland's":[4],"(1989)":[5],"parallel":[6],"distributed":[7],"processing":[8],"(PDP)":[9],"model's":[10],"account":[11],"of":[12,25,30,49,52],"lexical":[13,43],"decision":[14,44],"is":[15,20,47,91],"the":[16,23,28,31,50,61,66,72,84],"assumption":[17],"that":[18,46],"performance":[19,45],"determined":[21],"by":[22],"amount":[24],"overlap":[26,86],"in":[27,71,79,82],"distribution":[29,51],"orthographic":[32,53,62,85],"error":[33,54,63],"scores":[34,55,64],"between":[35,56,87],"words":[36,57,88],"nonwords.":[38,59],"The":[39],"present":[40],"experiment":[41],"demonstrates":[42],"independent":[48],"Furthermore,":[60],"from":[65],"model":[67],"capture":[68],"no":[69],"variance":[70],"reaction":[73],"time":[74],"data":[75],"words,":[77],"even":[78],"a":[80],"condition":[81],"which":[83],"nonwords":[90],"minimal":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
