{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087900937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2014.07.001","title":"The ethical commitment of independent directors in different contexts of investor protection","display_name":"The ethical commitment of independent directors in different contexts of investor protection","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087900937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2014.07.001","mag":"2087900937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.brq.2014.07.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2014.07.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2014.07.001","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2340943614000516/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898409089","display_name":"BRQ Business Research Quarterly","issn_l":"2340-9436","issn":["2340-9436","2340-9444"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","latindex","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BRQ Business Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2340943614000516/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052510961","display_name":"Isabel S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4711-8631","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4711-8631"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabel Mar\u00eda Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Salamanca, Spain","Universidad de Salamanca (Spain)#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Salamanca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Salamanca (Spain)#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038179876","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Valeriano Fr\u00edas Aceituno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-7167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-7167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Valeriano Fr\u00edas Aceituno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Granada, Spain","Universidad de Granada, Spain#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Granada, Spain#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051185463","display_name":"Luis Rodr\u00edguez Dom\u00ednguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9607-5274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9607-5274"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luis Rodr\u00edguez Dom\u00ednguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Salamanca, Spain","Universidad de Salamanca (Spain)#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Salamanca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Salamanca (Spain)#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051185463"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6668,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96015583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"81","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.8500999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.8500999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":0.05220000073313713,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13957","display_name":"Corporate Governance and Financial Management","score":0.0340999998152256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-directors","display_name":"independent directors","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-of-ethics","display_name":"code of ethics","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-ethics","display_name":"business ethics","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investor-protection","display_name":"investor protection","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/board-of-directors","display_name":"board of directors","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"corporate governance","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-environment","display_name":"legal environment","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-of-interest","display_name":"conflicts of interest","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corruption","display_name":"corruption","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fraud","display_name":"fraud","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-responsibility","display_name":"environmental responsibility","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-compliance","display_name":"legal compliance","score":0.3319999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7261374592781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780027415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524648","display_name":"Language change","level":2,"score":0.6937764883041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119232533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873451","display_name":"Business ethics","level":2,"score":0.6150797605514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.6124493479728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5694729685783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399332","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.549872875213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5221588611602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128268270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2264133","display_name":"Ethical code","level":2,"score":0.5173651576042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.48507681488990784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993284296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194112","display_name":"Ethical values","level":2,"score":0.436267614364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141261163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218600","display_name":"Corporate social responsibility","level":2,"score":0.4350664019584656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994371709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557880","display_name":"Investor protection","level":3,"score":0.4329873025417328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.3518465757369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.18414989113807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15816035866737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.14635568857192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.10413506627082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.10237899422645569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.brq.2014.07.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2014.07.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2014.07.001","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2340943614000516/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898409089","display_name":"BRQ Business Research Quarterly","issn_l":"2340-9436","issn":["2340-9436","2340-9444"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","latindex","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BRQ Business Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/206319","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/206319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.brq.2014.07.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2014.07.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2014.07.001","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2340943614000516/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898409089","display_name":"BRQ Business Research Quarterly","issn_l":"2340-9436","issn":["2340-9436","2340-9444"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","latindex","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BRQ Business Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087900937.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087900937.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40269817","https://openalex.org/W101668983","https://openalex.org/W141555436","https://openalex.org/W1499170180","https://openalex.org/W1508007944","https://openalex.org/W1550980052","https://openalex.org/W1559035650","https://openalex.org/W1580191282","https://openalex.org/W1587004218","https://openalex.org/W1851403087","https://openalex.org/W1925919734","https://openalex.org/W1928102349","https://openalex.org/W1969519191","https://openalex.org/W1969807098","https://openalex.org/W1977789045","https://openalex.org/W1979134603","https://openalex.org/W1986521448","https://openalex.org/W1986917981","https://openalex.org/W1987844398","https://openalex.org/W1988643118","https://openalex.org/W1988924423","https://openalex.org/W1990021135","https://openalex.org/W2000865490","https://openalex.org/W2008056032","https://openalex.org/W2008447925","https://openalex.org/W2009992335","https://openalex.org/W2018581816","https://openalex.org/W2019632249","https://openalex.org/W2021740466","https://openalex.org/W2024350370","https://openalex.org/W2024983754","https://openalex.org/W2027032257","https://openalex.org/W2028261688","https://openalex.org/W2030910495","https://openalex.org/W2032265894","https://openalex.org/W2032299477","https://openalex.org/W2036829732","https://openalex.org/W2038143176","https://openalex.org/W2041518483","https://openalex.org/W2041788396","https://openalex.org/W2044499836","https://openalex.org/W2047250025","https://openalex.org/W2048199596","https://openalex.org/W2066740614","https://openalex.org/W2067879024","https://openalex.org/W2082471173","https://openalex.org/W2104539646","https://openalex.org/W2106441135","https://openalex.org/W2108548811","https://openalex.org/W2123701212","https://openalex.org/W2124758339","https://openalex.org/W2127839771","https://openalex.org/W2129963558","https://openalex.org/W2136315417","https://openalex.org/W2142897661","https://openalex.org/W2143730651","https://openalex.org/W2145523921","https://openalex.org/W2147104970","https://openalex.org/W2162012454","https://openalex.org/W2162071038","https://openalex.org/W2268712472","https://openalex.org/W2287912846","https://openalex.org/W2333930280","https://openalex.org/W3015634246","https://openalex.org/W3021889044","https://openalex.org/W3023840933","https://openalex.org/W3121282585","https://openalex.org/W3121297842","https://openalex.org/W3121300901","https://openalex.org/W3121504762","https://openalex.org/W3121608236","https://openalex.org/W3121736574","https://openalex.org/W3121759882","https://openalex.org/W3121951548","https://openalex.org/W3122071924","https://openalex.org/W3122489987","https://openalex.org/W3122859634","https://openalex.org/W3123456404","https://openalex.org/W3123716053","https://openalex.org/W3123748565","https://openalex.org/W3124326894","https://openalex.org/W3125268367","https://openalex.org/W3125601827","https://openalex.org/W3125722279","https://openalex.org/W3125969434","https://openalex.org/W3126115909","https://openalex.org/W4211020961","https://openalex.org/W4248230120","https://openalex.org/W4248854127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2270265211","https://openalex.org/W3208043673","https://openalex.org/W1994362326","https://openalex.org/W7057712086","https://openalex.org/W2157395481","https://openalex.org/W7207090378","https://openalex.org/W3195689849","https://openalex.org/W1993736754","https://openalex.org/W7217268727","https://openalex.org/W7104391370"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,19,29,43,54,61,68,80,90,94,111,118],"this":[3],"study":[4],"is":[5],"to":[6,16,87],"compare,":[7],"for":[8],"countries":[9,102,107],"with":[10,49,103,108],"different":[11],"legal":[12],"environments,":[13],"the":[14,41,62,84,88,116],"degree":[15],"which":[17],"boards":[18],"directors":[20,82,120],"may":[21],"improve":[22],"corporate":[23],"ethical":[24],"behaviour":[25,124],"by":[26,125],"designing":[27],"codes":[28,32,93],"ethics.":[30,95],"These":[31],"address":[33],"issues":[34],"such":[35],"as":[36,114],"a":[37,66,77],"company's":[38],"responsibility":[39],"regarding":[40],"quality":[42],"its":[44],"products":[45],"and":[46,51,57,59,106],"services,":[47],"compliance":[48],"laws":[50],"regulations,":[52],"conflicts":[53],"interest,":[55],"corruption":[56],"fraud,":[58],"protection":[60,113],"natural":[63],"environment.":[64],"Using":[65],"sample":[67],"firms":[69],"from":[70],"12":[71],"countries,":[72],"we":[73],"obtain":[74],"evidence":[75],"that":[76],"greater":[78],"presence":[79],"independent":[81,119],"on":[83],"board":[85],"leads":[86],"existence":[89],"more":[91],"complex":[92],"Moreover,":[96],"there":[97],"are":[98],"significant":[99],"differences":[100],"between":[101],"high":[104],"levels":[105,110],"low":[109],"investor":[112],"regards":[115],"effectiveness":[117],"in":[121],"constraining":[122],"unethical":[123],"managers.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
