{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087625202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00191.x","title":"Relation of the White Blood Cell Count to Obesity and Insulin Resistance: Effect of Race and Gender","display_name":"Relation of the White Blood Cell Count to Obesity and Insulin Resistance: Effect of Race and Gender","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087625202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00191.x","mag":"2087625202","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8653533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00191.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00191.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00191.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00191.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68541908","display_name":"Obesity Research","issn_l":"1071-7323","issn":["1071-7323","1550-8528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obesity Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00191.x","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059098934","display_name":"Richard E. Pratley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2912-1389","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2912-1389"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090567","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210090567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard E. Pratley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, AZ 85016, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, AZ 85016, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210090567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109682234","display_name":"Charlton Wilson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charlton Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mescalero Indian Hospital, Mescalero, New Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mescalero Indian Hospital, Mescalero, New Mexico","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058624350","display_name":"Clifton Bogardus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1472-3376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1472-3376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090567","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210090567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clifton Bogardus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Diabetes and Nutrition Section, Phoenix Epidemiol.ogy and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Diabetes and Nutrition Section, Phoenix Epidemiol.ogy and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210090567"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059098934"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210090567"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19671191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"6","first_page":"563","last_page":"571"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.9365000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.9365000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.059300001710653305,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11355","display_name":"Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-blood-cell-count","display_name":"white blood cell count","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-insulin","display_name":"plasma insulin","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-fat-distribution","display_name":"body fat distribution","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waist-to-thigh-ratio","display_name":"waist-to-thigh ratio","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pima-indians","display_name":"Pima Indians","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-clamp","display_name":"hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-disposal","display_name":"glucose disposal","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-glucose-tolerance-test","display_name":"oral glucose tolerance test","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age","display_name":"age","score":0.4020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.7757330536842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.7472173571586609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.7320846319198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7234007120132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6915638446807861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.6270537376403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.6107513904571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778488018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42395","display_name":"White blood cell","level":2,"score":0.5556309223175049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776193436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236232","display_name":"Waist","level":3,"score":0.5461909770965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780005051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797258","display_name":"Body fat percentage","level":3,"score":0.4217150807380676}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001823","descriptor_name":"Body Composition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007198","descriptor_name":"Indians, North American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007333","descriptor_name":"Insulin Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007958","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012727","descriptor_name":"Sex Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015309","descriptor_name":"Glucose Clamp Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00191.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00191.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00191.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00191.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68541908","display_name":"Obesity Research","issn_l":"1071-7323","issn":["1071-7323","1550-8528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obesity Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8653533","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8653533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obesity research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00191.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00191.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00191.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00191.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68541908","display_name":"Obesity Research","issn_l":"1071-7323","issn":["1071-7323","1550-8528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obesity Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087625202.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087625202.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532883710","https://openalex.org/W1608047129","https://openalex.org/W1981737637","https://openalex.org/W2008071275","https://openalex.org/W2016186842","https://openalex.org/W2060361868","https://openalex.org/W2065210020","https://openalex.org/W2066395406","https://openalex.org/W2078073869","https://openalex.org/W2091462590","https://openalex.org/W2096773810","https://openalex.org/W2111040033","https://openalex.org/W2117732697","https://openalex.org/W2124232607","https://openalex.org/W2138240200","https://openalex.org/W2142025433","https://openalex.org/W2164895062","https://openalex.org/W2207143790","https://openalex.org/W2306388708","https://openalex.org/W2313401262","https://openalex.org/W2316528604","https://openalex.org/W2334309509","https://openalex.org/W2340053228","https://openalex.org/W4229951948","https://openalex.org/W4232915119","https://openalex.org/W4293282441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009410107","https://openalex.org/W3093859672","https://openalex.org/W4213193931","https://openalex.org/W2076828888","https://openalex.org/W2104918369","https://openalex.org/W2888011015","https://openalex.org/W4308449576","https://openalex.org/W2592286325","https://openalex.org/W2038276173","https://openalex.org/W2063379611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"reports":[1],"suggest":[2],"that":[3,261],"the":[4,34,135,149,154,167,175,195,210,214,225,229,233,235,270,291],"white":[5],"blood":[6],"cell":[7],"(WBC)":[8],"count":[9,156,227,237,272],"is":[10],"related":[11,188],"to":[12,53,105,169,189,218],"plasma":[13,126,182,242],"insulin":[14,17,51,127,183,243,277,281],"concentrations":[15,128,184],"and":[16,33,40,44,62,76,83,103,118,125,131,163,181,185,191,204,228,253,264],"resistance":[18,282],"in":[19,73,96,108,116,140,144,221,273],"healthy":[20,274],"individuals.":[21,275],"The":[22,112,255],"present":[23],"study":[24,259],"examines":[25],"whether":[26,42],"these":[27,47],"relations":[28],"are":[29,266],"independent":[30],"of":[31,36,90,174,177,257],"obesity":[32,159,205,265],"pattern":[35,176],"body":[37,119,123,165,178],"fat":[38,124,179],"distribution":[39],"tests":[41],"race":[43,203],"gender":[45],"affect":[46],"relations.":[48],"WBC":[49,92,155,211,226,236,271,292],"counts,":[50],"responses":[52],"a":[54,66,87,152],"75":[55],"gram":[56],"oral":[57],"glucose":[58,63,132,136,192,247],"tolerance":[59],"test":[60],"(OGTT)":[61],"disposal":[64,133,193],"during":[65,134,194],"two-step":[67],"hyperinsulinemic":[68],"euglycemic":[69],"clamp":[70,137],"were":[71,94,114,129,206,216],"measured":[72],"300":[74],"men":[75],"women":[77,109],"(149":[78],"Pima":[79,99,141,219],"Indians,":[80],"100":[81],"whites,":[82],"51":[84],"blacks)":[85],"with":[86,158,209,241,269,290],"wide":[88],"range":[89],"obesity.":[91,254],"counts":[93],"lower":[95,139],"blacks":[97,145],"than":[98,110,143],"Indians":[100,142],"or":[101,146],"whites":[102],"tended":[104],"be":[106,287,297],"higher":[107,130],"men.":[111],"subgroups":[113],"comparable":[115],"age":[117,190,252],"weight,":[120],"but":[121,245,279,294],"percent":[122,164],"was":[138,186],"whites.":[147],"In":[148,197],"group":[150],"as":[151],"whole,":[153],"correlated":[157],"(body":[160],"mass":[161],"index":[162,173],"fat),":[166],"waist":[168],"thigh":[170],"ratio":[171],"(an":[172],"distribution),":[180],"negatively":[187],"clamp.":[196],"multiple":[198],"regression":[199],"analyses,":[200],"only":[201],"age,":[202,262],"significantly":[207,239,267],"associated":[208,240,268,289],"count.":[212],"When":[213],"analyses":[215],"restricted":[217],"men,":[220],"whom":[222],"correlations":[223],"between":[224],"metabolic":[230],"variables":[231],"appeared":[232],"strongest,":[234],"remained":[238],"concentrations,":[244,278],"not":[246,280],"disposal,":[248],"after":[249],"controlling":[250],"for":[251],"results":[256],"this":[258,295],"indicate":[260],"race,":[263],"Plasma":[276],"per":[283],"se,":[284],"may":[285,296],"also":[286],"weakly":[288],"count,":[293],"population":[298],"specific.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
