{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087601158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199811000-00017","title":"Misrepresentation of research citations among medical school faculty applicants","display_name":"Misrepresentation of research citations among medical school faculty applicants","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087601158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199811000-00017","mag":"2087601158","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9834702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00001888-199811000-00017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199811000-00017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199811000-00017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19793444","display_name":"Academic Medicine","issn_l":"1040-2446","issn":["1040-2446","1938-808X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110171367","display_name":"L C Goe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L C Goe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emergency Medicine Center, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emergency Medicine Center, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A M Herrera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A M Herrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emergency Medicine Center, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emergency Medicine Center, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020102750","display_name":"William R. Mower","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1468-6501","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1468-6501"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W R Mower","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emergency Medicine Center, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emergency Medicine Center, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8585,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96322379,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"11","first_page":"1183","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12648","display_name":"Academic Writing and Publishing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authorship-order","display_name":"authorship order","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-fraud","display_name":"academic fraud","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-recruitment","display_name":"teacher recruitment","score":0.47099998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779602731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30067981","display_name":"Misrepresentation","level":2,"score":0.9571101069450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.6441693305969238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.5456840991973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.50989830493927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105345328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206276","display_name":"Citation analysis","level":3,"score":0.4451267123222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38025540113449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3753439486026764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3479424715042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2377597689628601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18217533826828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.08380064368247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001319","descriptor_name":"Authorship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005180","descriptor_name":"Faculty, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005607","descriptor_name":"Fraud","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007586","descriptor_name":"Job Application","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016206","descriptor_name":"Databases, Bibliographic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D028743","descriptor_name":"Professional Misconduct","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00001888-199811000-00017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199811000-00017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199811000-00017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19793444","display_name":"Academic Medicine","issn_l":"1040-2446","issn":["1040-2446","1938-808X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9834702","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9834702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/757470","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/757470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BRL:MEDKIE/99051767","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/917548","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/917548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:194525","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077304380","https://openalex.org/W4210269582","https://openalex.org/W2105702776","https://openalex.org/W1972276432","https://openalex.org/W2045172912","https://openalex.org/W1976376736","https://openalex.org/W2395569807","https://openalex.org/W2002755763","https://openalex.org/W2086913429","https://openalex.org/W2145332501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"A":[1],"descriptive":[2],"study":[3],"of":[4,43,120,128,146,151],"bibliographic":[5,152,175],"misrepresentations":[6,107,130],"by":[7],"applicants":[8,112,171],"to":[9,89,117,133,164,169,172],"medical":[10,25,29,157],"school":[11,158],"faculty":[12,20,159],"positions.":[13],"METHOD:":[14],"The":[15,50,95],"authors":[16,51,96],"reviewed":[17],"250":[18],"1995":[19],"applicant":[21,80],"bibliographies":[22],"from":[23],"eight":[24],"institutions,":[26],"representing":[27],"six":[28],"specialities.":[30],"Using":[31],"computerized":[32],"library":[33],"database":[34],"searches":[35],"or":[36],"direct":[37],"retrieval,":[38],"they":[39],"evaluated":[40],"the":[41,55,79,91,142],"legitimacy":[42],"each":[44],"journal,":[45],"abstract,":[46],"and":[47,53,84],"book":[48],"citation.":[49],"classified":[52],"tabulated":[54],"following":[56],"discrepancies":[57,134],"as":[58,81],"misrepresentations:":[59],"(1)":[60],"citing":[61],"a":[62],"nonexistent":[63],"article":[64,74],"in":[65,135],"an":[66,73,82],"existent":[67],"source,":[68],"(2)":[69],"claiming":[70],"authorship":[71,87,136],"on":[72],"that":[75],"did":[76],"not":[77],"list":[78],"author,":[83],"(3)":[85],"altering":[86],"order":[88],"enhance":[90],"applicant's":[92],"position.":[93],"RESULTS:":[94],"found":[97],"56":[98],"misrepresented":[99],"citations":[100,140,153],"among":[101,110,156],"2,149":[102],"verified":[103],"articles":[104],"(2.6%).":[105],"These":[106],"were":[108,131],"distributed":[109],"39":[111],"(15.6%;":[113],"95%":[114],"CI,":[115],"11.5%":[116],"20.9%);":[118],"11":[119],"whom":[121],"(4.4%)":[122],"had":[123],"multiple":[124],"discrepancies.":[125],"Sixty-eight":[126],"percent":[127],"all":[129],"due":[132],"order,":[137],"while":[138],"journal":[139],"constituted":[141],"most":[143],"frequent":[144],"source":[145],"misrepresentation":[147],"(77%).":[148],"CONCLUSIONS:":[149],"Misrepresentation":[150],"does":[154],"exist":[155],"applicants.":[160],"One":[161],"possible":[162],"solution":[163],"this":[165],"problem":[166],"would":[167],"be":[168],"require":[170],"document":[173],"their":[174],"citations.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}