{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087445391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1179/amb.1992.39.3.117","title":"The Chemical Society of London and the Dye Industry in the 1860s","display_name":"The Chemical Society of London and the Dye Industry in the 1860s","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087445391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1179/amb.1992.39.3.117","mag":"2087445391"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1179/amb.1992.39.3.117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1179/amb.1992.39.3.117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1179/amb.1992.39.3.117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128255347","display_name":"Ambix","issn_l":"0002-6980","issn":["0002-6980","1745-8234"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ambix","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104291947","display_name":"Peter J. T. Morris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter. J. T. Morris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057363535","display_name":"Anthony Stewart Travis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6037-5292","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6037-5292"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony S. Travis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"117","last_page":"126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.4580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.4580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12471","display_name":"History of Science and Natural History","score":0.32760000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.1664000004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dye-industry","display_name":"dye industry","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-and-industry","display_name":"science and industry","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-tar-products","display_name":"coal tar products","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deindustrialization","display_name":"deindustrialization","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry-education","display_name":"chemistry education","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1860","display_name":"1860s","score":0.7789999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12404463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207652","display_name":"Chemical industry","level":2,"score":0.6249574422836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126348684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3456979","display_name":"Polymer science","level":1,"score":0.42122697830200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.41138264536857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3860414922237396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.12046155333518982}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1179/amb.1992.39.3.117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1179/amb.1992.39.3.117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1179/amb.1992.39.3.117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128255347","display_name":"Ambix","issn_l":"0002-6980","issn":["0002-6980","1745-8234"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ambix","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1179/000269892790218656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1179/000269892790218656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1179/000269892790218656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128255347","display_name":"Ambix","issn_l":"0002-6980","issn":["0002-6980","1745-8234"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ambix","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496369889","https://openalex.org/W1511651911","https://openalex.org/W1966811413","https://openalex.org/W2032018676","https://openalex.org/W2065042509","https://openalex.org/W2077481136","https://openalex.org/W2092475631","https://openalex.org/W2129185775","https://openalex.org/W2207009999","https://openalex.org/W2313764518","https://openalex.org/W2569697702","https://openalex.org/W4232575454","https://openalex.org/W6607099389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769567212","https://openalex.org/W2093507495","https://openalex.org/W163773455","https://openalex.org/W3177092521","https://openalex.org/W4237864963","https://openalex.org/W4408346409","https://openalex.org/W1911106433","https://openalex.org/W1588318598","https://openalex.org/W1964507474","https://openalex.org/W2129185775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"UNTIL":[0],"now":[1],"the":[2,5,13,27,35,39,42,47,54,74,77,80,104,107,127,150,165,174,183,191,200,207,210,223,232,255,258,264,288],"question":[3],"of":[4,15,29,41,57,65,76,79,83,100,106,122,129,133,168,173,182,194,209,218,240,246,257,261,267,302,315],"relationship":[6],"between":[7,59],"science":[8,90,123],"and":[9,62,91,124,138,157,180,227,243,263,282,306,308],"industry,":[10,46,221],"especially":[11],"within":[12,147],"context":[14],"Britain's":[16],"industrial":[17,118,195],"decline":[18],"after":[19],"1850,":[20],"has":[21],"been":[22],"dominated":[23],"by":[24,162,300],"debates":[25],"over":[26],"role":[28],"education.":[30],"1":[31],"This":[32,120],"paper":[33],"explores":[34],"possibility":[36],"that,":[37],"in":[38,53,72,117,136,170,188,254],"case":[40],"growing":[43],"sciencebased":[44],"chemical":[45,212,220,275],"answer":[48],"may":[49],"lie":[50],"elsewhere,":[51],"namely":[52],"increasing":[55],"division":[56],"interests":[58],"northern":[60],"manufacturers":[61],"London-based":[63],"gentlemen":[64],"science.":[66],"Such":[67,250],"considerations":[68],"did":[69],"not":[70,216],"apply":[71],"184I,":[73],"year":[75],"formation":[78],"Chemical":[81,184],"Society":[82,185],"London,":[84,189],"whose":[85],"promoters":[86],"expected":[87],"that":[88,177,295],"both":[89],"its":[92,143],"application":[93],"might":[94],"be":[95],"served":[96],"through":[97],"formal":[98],"sharing":[99],"new":[101,108,293],"knowledge.":[102],"Indeed,":[103],"journal":[105],"society":[109],"included":[110],"many":[111,301],"important":[112],"contributions":[113,281],"from":[114],"members":[115,181],"engaged":[116],"activities.":[119],"marriage":[121],"industry":[125,294],"heralded":[126],"creation":[128],"London's":[130],"Royal":[131,259],"College":[132,260],"Chemistry,2":[134],"opened":[135],"1845,":[137],"also":[139],"gave":[140],"inspiration":[141],"to":[142,160,199],"teaching":[144],"curriculum.3":[145],"Yet":[146],"a":[148,292],"decade":[149],"college":[151],"had":[152],"fallen":[153],"on":[154,278,311],"hard":[155],"times,":[156],"only":[158],"managed":[159],"survive":[161],"merging":[163],"with":[164],"Government":[166],"School":[167],"Mines":[169],"1853.":[171],"Part":[172],"problem":[175],"was":[176,205,215,245,296],"academic":[178],"chemists":[179],"were":[186,197,225,252],"concentrated":[187],"while":[190],"main":[192],"sites":[193],"activity":[196],"far":[198],"north.":[201],"Increasingly,":[202],"south":[203],"Lancashire":[204],"becoming":[206],"centre":[208],"British":[211],"industry.":[213],"London":[214],"devoid":[217],"innovative":[219],"but":[222],"activities":[224,251],"diverse":[226],"generally":[228],"small":[229],"scale,":[230],"including":[231],"preparation":[233,239],"offine":[234],"chemicals":[235],"for":[236,291],"photography.":[237],"The":[238],"natural":[241],"dyestuffs":[242],"drugs":[244],"even":[247],"greater":[248],"importance.":[249],"prominent":[253],"syllabus":[256],"Chemistry,4":[262],"research":[265,283,316],"programmes":[266],"\u00b7its":[268],"principal,":[269],"August":[270],"Wilhelm":[271],"Hofmann.":[272],"Around":[273],"1860,":[274],"explanation":[276],"based":[277],"Hofmann's":[279],"theoretical":[280],"work":[284],"almost":[285],"unexpectedly":[286],"became":[287],"support":[289],"mechanism":[290],"at":[297],"first":[298],"led":[299],"his":[303,312],"former":[304],"students":[305],"assistants,":[307],"drew":[309],"heavily":[310],"two":[313],"decades":[314],"into":[317],"coal":[318],"tar":[319],"products.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
