{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087083519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1511361","title":"The Pause Procedure and/or an Outline: Effect on Immediate Free Recall and Lecture Notes Taken by College Students with Learning Disabilities","display_name":"The Pause Procedure and/or an Outline: Effect on Immediate Free Recall and Lecture Notes Taken by College Students with Learning Disabilities","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087083519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1511361","mag":"2087083519"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1511361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1511361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1511361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158069182","display_name":"Learning Disability Quarterly","issn_l":"0731-9487","issn":["0731-9487","2168-376X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Learning Disability Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015784524","display_name":"Kathy L. Ruhl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathy L. Ruhl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Special Education, Penn State","1 Department of Special Education, Penn State"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Special Education, Penn State","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Special Education, Penn State","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019737560","display_name":"Sharon K. Suritsky","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon Suritsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wesley Highland School, Pittsburgh, PA","2 Wesley Highland School, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wesley Highland School, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2 Wesley Highland School, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.274,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92189869,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12354","display_name":"Innovations in Educational Methods","score":0.4242999851703644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12354","display_name":"Innovations in Educational Methods","score":0.4242999851703644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11514","display_name":"Disability Education and Employment","score":0.3061999976634979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.10859999805688858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-disabilities","display_name":"learning disabilities","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lecture-notes","display_name":"lecture notes","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/note-taking","display_name":"note-taking","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lecture-outlines","display_name":"lecture outlines","score":0.8690000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.7994138598442078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778370645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5668585","display_name":"Note-taking","level":2,"score":0.7356299757957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15107229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860740","display_name":"Learning disability","level":2,"score":0.7022364139556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6826396584510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6668693423271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.5121421813964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36668950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5500279","display_name":"Free recall","level":3,"score":0.4531155824661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.25491559505462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.22040912508964539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1511361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1511361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1511361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158069182","display_name":"Learning Disability Quarterly","issn_l":"0731-9487","issn":["0731-9487","2168-376X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Learning Disability Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9013000130653381,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W223660751","https://openalex.org/W266411868","https://openalex.org/W1828667065","https://openalex.org/W1975701266","https://openalex.org/W1984376792","https://openalex.org/W1987047337","https://openalex.org/W1988063205","https://openalex.org/W1989179871","https://openalex.org/W1993721225","https://openalex.org/W1999289214","https://openalex.org/W2012869576","https://openalex.org/W2015847218","https://openalex.org/W2033206744","https://openalex.org/W2038036981","https://openalex.org/W2050442571","https://openalex.org/W2074040481","https://openalex.org/W2089636244","https://openalex.org/W2095352896","https://openalex.org/W2110426755","https://openalex.org/W2114290505","https://openalex.org/W2118657863","https://openalex.org/W2124965068","https://openalex.org/W2159609693","https://openalex.org/W2162195180","https://openalex.org/W2171672179","https://openalex.org/W2189385236","https://openalex.org/W2318389358","https://openalex.org/W3163177121","https://openalex.org/W4231117148"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110426755","https://openalex.org/W253133497","https://openalex.org/W2114290505","https://openalex.org/W189168251","https://openalex.org/W7098196690","https://openalex.org/W2091983332","https://openalex.org/W2037229691","https://openalex.org/W1984376792","https://openalex.org/W151643202","https://openalex.org/W7099028943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24,53],"increasing":[1],"number":[2],"of":[3,12,26,49,55,63,81,99,104,112],"college":[4,120],"students":[5,121],"with":[6,122],"learning":[7,123],"disabilities":[8],"(C/LD)":[9],"requires":[10],"development":[11],"empirically":[13],"validated":[14],"strategies":[15],"for":[16,68,94,119],"use":[17],"by":[18],"faculty":[19],"who":[20],"lecture":[21,43,64,69,76,100],"these":[22],"students.":[23],"effects":[25],"a":[27,38,42,75,79],"pausing":[28],"procedure":[29,89],"(three":[30],"2-minute":[31],"pauses":[32],"spaced":[33],"at":[34],"logical":[35],"intervals":[36],"during":[37],"videotaped":[39],"lecture)":[40],"and":[41,58,78,102],"outline":[44],"on":[45,115],"the":[46,72,87],"notetaking":[47],"performance":[48],"C/LD":[50],"were":[51,66],"investigated.":[52],"completeness":[54,103],"students'":[56,96],"notes":[57],"their":[59],"immediate":[60,97],"free":[61],"recall":[62,98],"ideas":[65,101],"compared":[67],"conditions":[70],"incorporating":[71],"pause":[73,88],"procedure,":[74],"outline,":[77],"combination":[80],"both":[82],"procedures.":[83],"Results":[84],"indicated":[85],"that":[86],"alone":[90],"was":[91],"most":[92],"effective":[93,116],"enhancing":[95],"recorded":[105],"notes.":[106],"Implications":[107],"are":[108],"discussed":[109],"in":[110],"terms":[111],"future":[113],"research":[114],"lecturing":[117],"techniques":[118],"disabilities.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
