{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2086869842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2011.00479.x","title":"POVERTY, ELITE HETEROGENEITY, AND THE ALLOCATION OF PUBLIC SPENDING: PANEL EVIDENCE FROM THE INDIAN STATES","display_name":"POVERTY, ELITE HETEROGENEITY, AND THE ALLOCATION OF PUBLIC SPENDING: PANEL EVIDENCE FROM THE INDIAN STATES","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2086869842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2011.00479.x","mag":"2086869842"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1475-4991.2011.00479.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2011.00479.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2011.00479.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174413665","display_name":"Review of Income and Wealth","issn_l":"0034-6586","issn":["0034-6586","1475-4991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Income and Wealth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/5045/1/1020%5b1%5d.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102255149","display_name":"Sarmistha Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2225-4429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2225-4429"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197518295","display_name":"IZA - Institute of Labor Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/029s44460","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"SARMISTHA PAL","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brunel University and IZA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brunel University and IZA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197518295","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100863593","display_name":"Sugata Ghosh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SUGATA GHOSH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brunel University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brunel University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102255149"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197518295","https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"apc_list":{"value":3300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3300},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5409,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93273212,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"1","first_page":"51","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13387","display_name":"Politics, Economics, and Education Policy","score":0.29739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13387","display_name":"Politics, Economics, and Education Policy","score":0.29739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13894","display_name":"Indian Economic and Social Development","score":0.2354000061750412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.17759999632835388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-spending-allocation","display_name":"public spending allocation","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landed-elites","display_name":"landed elites","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capitalist-elites","display_name":"capitalist elites","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-political-representation","display_name":"women's political representation","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-caste","display_name":"low castes","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-finance","display_name":"education funding","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-representation","display_name":"political representation","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-states","display_name":"Indian states","score":0.7269999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.916326642036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6747773289680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779509574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484416","display_name":"Caste","level":2,"score":0.6451685428619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151913843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454555","display_name":"Dominance (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5541064739227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5223835110664368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.4928019344806671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.486128568649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.4628775119781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994464924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929688","display_name":"Public investment","level":3,"score":0.43913936614990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4365408718585968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781356325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929688","display_name":"Government spending","level":3,"score":0.42870935797691345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3431704044342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.32152658700942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3127230405807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.2935180068016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2744491696357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.2568055987358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1746479868888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.132746160030365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992428842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929688","display_name":"Public fund","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1475-4991.2011.00479.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2011.00479.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2011.00479.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174413665","display_name":"Review of Income and Wealth","issn_l":"0034-6586","issn":["0034-6586","1475-4991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Income and Wealth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/5045","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5045","pdf_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/5045/1/1020%5b1%5d.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epubs.surrey.ac.uk:600933","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/600933/1/RoIW%202012.pdf","pdf_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/600933/1/RoIW%202012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400680","display_name":"Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","host_organization_name":"University of Surrey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bla:revinw:v:58:y:2012:i:1:p:51-78","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2011.00479.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2096777642","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/600933/1/RoIW%202012.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/5045","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5045","pdf_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/5045/1/1020%5b1%5d.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.46149998903274536,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2086869842.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2086869842.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487255641","https://openalex.org/W1497755493","https://openalex.org/W1511665033","https://openalex.org/W1527647663","https://openalex.org/W1539053875","https://openalex.org/W1557757565","https://openalex.org/W1566565078","https://openalex.org/W1569503392","https://openalex.org/W1581451095","https://openalex.org/W1964547542","https://openalex.org/W1969355781","https://openalex.org/W1970049195","https://openalex.org/W1975698665","https://openalex.org/W1990463521","https://openalex.org/W2001395192","https://openalex.org/W2017185383","https://openalex.org/W2024464435","https://openalex.org/W2045339631","https://openalex.org/W2051365662","https://openalex.org/W2063481914","https://openalex.org/W2074475306","https://openalex.org/W2090388554","https://openalex.org/W2091893972","https://openalex.org/W2096684396","https://openalex.org/W2112352537","https://openalex.org/W2120908017","https://openalex.org/W2124758339","https://openalex.org/W2138864165","https://openalex.org/W2139380278","https://openalex.org/W2150717541","https://openalex.org/W2154034270","https://openalex.org/W2157916696","https://openalex.org/W2163395908","https://openalex.org/W3003002202","https://openalex.org/W3025563522","https://openalex.org/W3122109246","https://openalex.org/W3123997958","https://openalex.org/W3124131699","https://openalex.org/W3124638977","https://openalex.org/W3125853672","https://openalex.org/W3186842352","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096777642","https://openalex.org/W2112852084","https://openalex.org/W1545169084","https://openalex.org/W1488337348","https://openalex.org/W7099499160","https://openalex.org/W2185566844","https://openalex.org/W4309770849","https://openalex.org/W1581267325","https://openalex.org/W2306714066","https://openalex.org/W7097660245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"explore":[4],"how":[5],"in":[6,81,120],"India,":[7],"the":[8,12,24,29,33,41,56,60,74,95,99,121,125,129],"world's":[9],"largest":[10],"democracy,":[11],"presence":[13],"of":[14,32,45,88,90],"different":[15],"elite":[16,26,62,76,101],"groups\u2014the":[17],"dominant":[18],"landed":[19,75],"and":[20,23,36,43,63],"capitalist":[21,61],"elite,":[22],"minority":[25,100],"(who":[27],"are":[28,86],"elected":[30],"representatives":[31],"marginalized":[34],"women":[35],"low":[37],"caste":[38],"population)\u2014could":[39],"affect":[40],"nature":[42],"extent":[44],"public":[46],"spending":[47,70],"on":[48,71,110],"various":[49],"accounts,":[50],"especially":[51],"education.":[52],"We":[53],"argue":[54],"that":[55,109],"productive":[57],"cooperation":[58],"between":[59],"workers":[64],"may":[65,102],"induce":[66],"capitalists":[67],"to":[68,78,104],"favor":[69,105],"education,":[72,111],"while":[73],"tend":[77,103],"oppose":[79],"investment":[80],"basic":[82],"education":[83],"because":[84],"they":[85],"fearful":[87],"dilution":[89],"their":[91,112,118],"political":[92],"dominance":[93],"by":[94,117],"educated":[96],"poor.":[97],"While":[98],"redistributive":[106],"spending,":[107],"including":[108],"effectiveness":[113],"could":[114],"be":[115],"limited":[116],"under\u2010representation":[119],"government.":[122],"Results":[123],"from":[124],"Indian":[126],"states":[127],"for":[128,134],"period":[130],"1960\u20132002":[131],"provide":[132],"support":[133],"these":[135],"hypotheses.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}