{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2086869706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.14381","title":"Structural Safety Measures for Airplanes","display_name":"Structural Safety Measures for Airplanes","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2086869706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.14381","mag":"2086869706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.14381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.14381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.14381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8962223","display_name":"Journal of Aircraft","issn_l":"0021-8669","issn":["0021-8669","1533-3868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aircraft","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078632672","display_name":"Erdem Acar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3661-5563","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3661-5563","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4645-2606"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erdem Acar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6250"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6250","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Amit Kale","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Kale","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6250"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6250","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013992441","display_name":"Raphael T. Haftka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0417-6911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0417-6911"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raphael T. Haftka","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6250"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6250","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030882960","display_name":"W. J. Stroud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319063186","display_name":"Langley Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0399mhs52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Jefferson Stroud","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1826,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94693382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"1","first_page":"30","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.6909000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.6909000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.17900000512599945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.04740000143647194,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aircraft-structural-safety","display_name":"aircraft structural safety","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-failure-probability","display_name":"structural failure probability","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-factor","display_name":"safety factor","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certification-tests","display_name":"certification tests","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-design","display_name":"structural design","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-error","display_name":"model error","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-errors","display_name":"systemic errors","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-specifications","display_name":"load specifications","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passenger-aircraft","display_name":"airliners","score":0.3310000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.5759250521659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.45802363753318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4080261290073395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3855723738670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3605532646179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.3443915843963623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.14381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.14381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.14381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8962223","display_name":"Journal of Aircraft","issn_l":"0021-8669","issn":["0021-8669","1533-3868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aircraft","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19884912","https://openalex.org/W1439409549","https://openalex.org/W1562305414","https://openalex.org/W1630905651","https://openalex.org/W2021508083","https://openalex.org/W2149522807","https://openalex.org/W2155401217","https://openalex.org/W2316902809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984930527","https://openalex.org/W2021508083","https://openalex.org/W82537623","https://openalex.org/W2090819372","https://openalex.org/W2151306103","https://openalex.org/W2080171641","https://openalex.org/W2317401000","https://openalex.org/W3022701875","https://openalex.org/W2396239295","https://openalex.org/W2324564493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Passenger":[0],"aircraft":[1,57,134],"structural":[2,41,53,89],"design":[3],"is":[4,17,58,155,189],"based":[5,46],"on":[6,47,145],"a":[7,20,85],"safety":[8,14,96,127,179],"factor":[9,15],"of":[10,22,24,52,55,59,62,78,88,107,148,186],"1.5,":[11],"and":[12,28,82,183],"this":[13],"alone":[16],"equivalent":[18],"to":[19,75,102,109],"probability":[21,51,106],"failure":[23,42,54,108,163],"between":[25],"10":[26,29,63,111],"S2":[27],"S3":[30],".":[31,113],"Yet":[32],"airliners":[33],"are":[34,135,175,181],"much":[35],"safer,":[36],"with":[37],"crashes":[38],"caused":[39,190],"by":[40,165,191],"being":[43],"extremely":[44],"rare":[45],"accident":[48],"records.":[49],"The":[50],"transport":[56],"the":[60,94,104,125,141,146,161,167,187],"order":[61],"S8":[64],"per":[65],"flight":[66],"segment.":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69,142],"looks":[70],"at":[71],"two":[72],"additional":[73],"contributions":[74],"safety\u2014the":[76],"use":[77],"conservative":[79,118],"material":[80],"properties":[81],"certification":[83,149,158],"tests\u2014using":[84],"simple":[86],"model":[87],"failure.":[90],"We":[91,170],"find":[92,171],"that":[93,157,172],"three":[95],"measures":[97],"together":[98],"might":[99,121],"be":[100,122],"able":[101],"reduce":[103,160],"calculated":[105,162],"about":[110],"S7":[112],"Additional":[114],"measures,":[115],"such":[116],"as":[117],"load":[119],"specifications,":[120],"responsible":[123],"for":[124,151],"higher":[126],"encountered":[128],"in":[129],"practice,":[130],"explaining":[131],"why":[132],"passenger":[133],"so":[136],"structurally":[137],"safe.":[138],"In":[139],"addition,":[140],"sheds":[143],"light":[144],"effectiveness":[147],"tests":[150,159,174],"improving":[152],"safety.":[153],"It":[154],"found":[156],"probabilities":[164],"reducing":[166],"modeling":[168],"error.":[169],"these":[173],"most":[176,185],"effective":[177],"when":[178,184],"factors":[180],"low":[182],"uncertainty":[188],"systemic":[192],"errors":[193],"rather":[194],"than":[195],"variability.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}