{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2086863567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02979340","title":"Linear programming as a tool in life cycle assessment","display_name":"Linear programming as a tool in life cycle assessment","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2086863567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02979340","mag":"2086863567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02979340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02979340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02979340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108239708","display_name":"The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment","issn_l":"0948-3349","issn":["0948-3349","1614-7502"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2086863567"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/ef99665b-756f-4e33-ab94-e2e8b6034729","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061314516","display_name":"Adisa Azapagic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2380-918X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2380-918X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adisa Azapagic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 5XH, Surrey, UK","Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 5XH, Surrey, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072945183","display_name":"Roland Clift","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1183-496X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1183-496X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland Clift","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 5XH, Surrey, UK","Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey, Guildford,Surrey,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 5XH, Surrey, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey, Guildford,Surrey,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"apc_list":{"value":3990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9888,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97801047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"6","first_page":"305","last_page":"316"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11053","display_name":"Process Optimization and Integration","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12709","display_name":"Optimization and Mathematical Programming","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"linear programming","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-cycle-assessment","display_name":"life cycle assessment","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-linear-programming","display_name":"multi-objective linear programming","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-impact-allocation","display_name":"environmental impact allocation","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-output-systems","display_name":"multi-output systems","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/best-practicable-environmental-option","display_name":"best practicable environmental option","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/best-compromise-solution","display_name":"best compromise solution","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflicting-objectives","display_name":"conflicting objectives","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-burden","display_name":"environmental load","score":0.44600000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.6327638626098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778706760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581950","display_name":"Life-cycle assessment","level":3,"score":0.5947411060333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164749845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320389","display_name":"Environmental impact assessment","level":2,"score":0.5912711024284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186027771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008379","display_name":"Valuation (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5240316987037659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5161784291267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4795650839805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.44895070791244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.42898592352867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.42338958382606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4127811789512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24413064122200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.16677024960517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15002262592315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.14908304810523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14116287231445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02979340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02979340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02979340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108239708","display_name":"The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment","issn_l":"0948-3349","issn":["0948-3349","1614-7502"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/ef99665b-756f-4e33-ab94-e2e8b6034729","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/ef99665b-756f-4e33-ab94-e2e8b6034729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Azapagic, A & Clift, R 1998, 'Linear programming as a tool in life cycle assessment', International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 305-316.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11138899210002346","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openresearch.surrey.ac.uk/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/Linear-programming-as-a-tool-in/99512599502346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"Open Research (University of Surrey)","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epubs.surrey.ac.uk:834246","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/834246/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400680","display_name":"Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","host_organization_name":"University of Surrey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/ef99665b-756f-4e33-ab94-e2e8b6034729","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/ef99665b-756f-4e33-ab94-e2e8b6034729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Azapagic, A & Clift, R 1998, 'Linear programming as a tool in life cycle assessment', International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 305-316.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.807699978351593}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172477545","https://openalex.org/W1601923173","https://openalex.org/W1965746887","https://openalex.org/W1996582978","https://openalex.org/W2084685551","https://openalex.org/W4213381739"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996582978","https://openalex.org/W2094451365","https://openalex.org/W2035881157","https://openalex.org/W2109242623","https://openalex.org/W2112179576","https://openalex.org/W7097948035","https://openalex.org/W2003894407","https://openalex.org/W2113899690","https://openalex.org/W2620468045"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
