{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2086827285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1471068413000495","title":"Answer set programming as a modeling language for course timetabling","display_name":"Answer set programming as a modeling language for course timetabling","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2086827285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1471068413000495","mag":"2086827285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1471068413000495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1471068413000495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1471068413000495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59670734","display_name":"Theory and Practice of Logic Programming","issn_l":"1471-0684","issn":["1471-0684","1475-3081"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory and Practice of Logic Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-41546","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038979849","display_name":"Mutsunori Banbara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-727X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-727X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","display_name":"Kobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgsfw79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MUTSUNORI BANBARA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan (e-mail:","Kobe University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan (e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kobe University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018098120","display_name":"Takehide Soh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5897-9192","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5897-9192"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","display_name":"Kobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgsfw79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TAKEHIDE SOH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan (e-mail:","Kobe University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan (e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kobe University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006956801","display_name":"Naoyuki Tamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5466-1010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5466-1010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","display_name":"Kobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgsfw79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"NAOYUKI TAMURA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan (e-mail:","Kobe University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan (e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kobe University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080458729","display_name":"Katsumi Inoue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-9122","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-9122"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KATSUMI INOUE","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan (e-mail:","National Institute of Informatics,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan (e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058467603","display_name":"Torsten H. Schaub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-041X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-041X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TORSTEN SCHAUB","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Potsdam, August-Bebel-Strasse 89, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany (e-mail:","UNIVERSITY OF POTSDAM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, August-Bebel-Strasse 89, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany (e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF POTSDAM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1114,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94940182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4-5","first_page":"783","last_page":"798"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9150000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9150000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.07039999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/answer-set-programming","display_name":"answer set programming","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/course-scheduling","display_name":"course scheduling","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-constraints","display_name":"soft constraints","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hard-constraints","display_name":"hard constraints","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate-constraints","display_name":"aggregate constraints","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrity-constraints","display_name":"integrity constraints","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-encoding","display_name":"constraint encoding","score":0.3889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8531702756881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6689281463623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.6650146245956421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6575279235839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6059138178825378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.563920259475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4363937973976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182620335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2852531","display_name":"Answer set programming","level":3,"score":0.43599581718444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173404611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528588","display_name":"Constraint programming","level":3,"score":0.4309142827987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4127761125564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777552389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962728","display_name":"Course (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.4118441343307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.38843950629234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3617616891860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3335159420967102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08884844183921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137631369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617831","display_name":"Stochastic programming","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1471068413000495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1471068413000495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1471068413000495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59670734","display_name":"Theory and Practice of Logic Programming","issn_l":"1471-0684","issn":["1471-0684","1475-3081"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory and Practice of Logic Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kobv.de-opus4-uni-potsdam:34884","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/34884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400594","display_name":"publish.UP (University of Potsdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","host_organization_name":"University of Potsdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kobv.de-opus4-uni-potsdam:41546","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400594","display_name":"publish.UP (University of Potsdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","host_organization_name":"University of Potsdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"postprint"},{"id":"doi:10.25932/publishup-41546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-41546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-41546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053006","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Potsdam","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.25932/publishup-41546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-41546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-41546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053006","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Potsdam","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2812382126","display_name":"Research and Development of Constraint Programming Systems for Metabolic Pathway Analysis","funder_award_id":"25730042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2918174556","display_name":"Realization of High-Performance and Flexible Constraint Programming Systems Using Propositional Inference Techniques","funder_award_id":"24300007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91024833","https://openalex.org/W134248041","https://openalex.org/W1502948544","https://openalex.org/W1506559586","https://openalex.org/W1546012270","https://openalex.org/W1587889267","https://openalex.org/W1606891084","https://openalex.org/W1672891595","https://openalex.org/W1721757222","https://openalex.org/W1964340145","https://openalex.org/W1980415852","https://openalex.org/W1998069267","https://openalex.org/W2010360426","https://openalex.org/W2020250274","https://openalex.org/W2028379670","https://openalex.org/W2055658410","https://openalex.org/W2070313595","https://openalex.org/W2087215158","https://openalex.org/W2102642246","https://openalex.org/W2127670720","https://openalex.org/W2138029669","https://openalex.org/W2152131859","https://openalex.org/W2274933339","https://openalex.org/W2480762398","https://openalex.org/W2482894532","https://openalex.org/W2493995303","https://openalex.org/W2608239929","https://openalex.org/W4211177236","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097787133","https://openalex.org/W2799415814","https://openalex.org/W2790306361","https://openalex.org/W4388198471","https://openalex.org/W2522566807","https://openalex.org/W4403316487","https://openalex.org/W1538054226","https://openalex.org/W7095122892","https://openalex.org/W2095631447","https://openalex.org/W2370555859"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,36],"course":[2,40,106,127],"timetabling":[3,41,128,139],"problem":[4,129,236],"can":[5,114],"be":[6,45,66,82],"generally":[7],"defined":[8],"as":[9,101],"the":[10,60,117,125,132,136,183,186,205,225,229,242],"task":[11],"of":[12,16,22,31,53,99,124,135,171,188,235],"assigning":[13],"a":[14,19,28,50,102,191],"number":[15],"lectures":[17],"to":[18,27,44,48,65,81,85,95],"limited":[20],"set":[21,30],"timeslots":[23],"and":[24,33,56,72,78,80,146,169,190,194,201,238],"rooms,":[25],"subject":[26],"given":[29],"hard":[32,77,161],"soft":[34,54,174],"constraints.":[35],"modeling":[37,103],"language":[38,104],"for":[39,68,73,105,232],"is":[42,63,144,151,163,177,185],"required":[43,64],"expressive":[46],"enough":[47,84],"specify":[49],"wide":[51],"variety":[52],"constraints":[55,71,168],"objective":[57],"functions.":[58],"Furthermore,":[59],"resulting":[61],"encoding":[62,123,143],"extensible":[67],"capturing":[69],"new":[70],"switching":[74],"them":[75],"between":[76],"soft,":[79],"flexible":[83],"deal":[86],"with":[87,216,241],"different":[88,213,218],"formulations.":[89,219],"In":[90],"this":[91],"paper,":[92],"we":[93],"propose":[94],"make":[96],"effective":[97],"use":[98],"ASP":[100,122],"timetabling.":[107],"We":[108,207,220],"show":[109],"that":[110],"our":[111],"ASP-based":[112],"approach":[113],"naturally":[115],"satisfy":[116],"above":[118],"requirements,":[119],"through":[120],"an":[121],"curriculum-based":[126],"proposed":[130],"in":[131,181,204,223],"third":[133],"track":[134],"second":[137],"international":[138],"competition":[140],"(ITC-2007).":[141],"Our":[142],"compact":[145],"human-readable,":[147],"since":[148],"each":[149],"constraint":[150,162,175],"individually":[152],"expressed":[153,164,178],"by":[154,165,179],"either":[155,222],"one":[156],"or":[157,227],"two":[158],"rules.":[159],"Each":[160,173],"using":[166],"integrity":[167],"aggregates":[170],"ASP.":[172],"S":[176],"rules":[180],"which":[182],"head":[184],"form":[187],"penalty(S,V,C),":[189],"violation":[192],"V":[193],"its":[195],"penalty":[196],"cost":[197],"C":[198],"are":[199],"detected":[200],"calculated":[202],"respectively":[203],"body.":[206],"carried":[208],"out":[209],"experiments":[210],"on":[211],"four":[212],"benchmark":[214],"sets":[215],"five":[217],"succeeded":[221],"improving":[224],"bounds":[226,231],"producing":[228],"same":[230],"many":[233],"combinations":[234],"instances":[237],"formulations,":[239],"compared":[240],"previous":[243],"best":[244],"known":[245],"bounds.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
