{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2086732103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1996.29-99","title":"SELF\u2010RESTRAINT AS POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT FOR SELF\u2010INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR","display_name":"SELF\u2010RESTRAINT AS POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT FOR SELF\u2010INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2086732103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1996.29-99","mag":"2086732103","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8881348","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1279877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-99","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1996.29-99","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1996.29-99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125122479","display_name":"Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis","issn_l":"0021-8855","issn":["0021-8855","1938-3703"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1279877","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017047759","display_name":"Richard G. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3571-5888","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3571-5888"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard G. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090038263","display_name":"Dorothea C. Lerman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-274X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-274X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorothea C. Lerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["[University of Florida]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Florida]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024330627","display_name":"Brian A. Iwata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-2049","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-2049"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian A. Iwata","raw_affiliation_strings":["[University of Florida]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Florida]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024330627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":{"value":3470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3470},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5582,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9440239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"99","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10376","display_name":"Suicide and Self-Harm Studies","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13272","display_name":"Psychological Treatments and Assessments","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-harm","display_name":"self-harm","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-restraint","display_name":"self-restraint","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-reinforcement","display_name":"positive reinforcement","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-disability","display_name":"intellectual disability","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restraint","display_name":"restraint","score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-contingencies","display_name":"reinforcement contingencies","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-analysis","display_name":"functional analysis","score":0.3240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.8544572591781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7883931398391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778544270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2984799","display_name":"Self-destructive behavior","level":4,"score":0.6971724033355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.49052613973617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.42381128668785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.32748597860336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.3151140809059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.21818438172340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12695124745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.11546841263771057}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007389","descriptor_name":"Internal-External Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008607","descriptor_name":"Intellectual Disability","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012149","descriptor_name":"Restraint, Physical","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012648","descriptor_name":"Self Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016728","descriptor_name":"Self-Injurious Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-99","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1996.29-99","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1996.29-99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125122479","display_name":"Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis","issn_l":"0021-8855","issn":["0021-8855","1938-3703"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:217663","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1279877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1279877","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1279877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Appl Behav Anal","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8881348","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8881348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of applied behavior analysis","raw_type":"Case Reports"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:217663","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1279877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W975470379","https://openalex.org/W2006989233","https://openalex.org/W2068705155","https://openalex.org/W2076446542","https://openalex.org/W2143184625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033904447","https://openalex.org/W2076446542","https://openalex.org/W1913807795","https://openalex.org/W2133712718","https://openalex.org/W2041530849","https://openalex.org/W2006989233","https://openalex.org/W1980715783","https://openalex.org/W2094343031","https://openalex.org/W2090765193","https://openalex.org/W2143184625"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"individuals":[1],"who":[2],"engage":[3],"in":[4,27],"self-injurious":[5],"behavior":[6],"(SIB)":[7],"also":[8],"exhibit":[9],"self-restraint.":[10],"We":[11],"compared":[12],"rates":[13],"of":[14,47],"SIB":[15,48,57],"exhibited":[16],"by":[17],"a":[18,39],"32-year-old":[19],"woman":[20],"diagnosed":[21],"with":[22],"profound":[23],"retardation":[24],"across":[25],"conditions":[26],"which":[28],"access":[29,51],"to":[30,52],"restraint":[31,53,61],"was":[32,54,62],"(a)":[33],"continuously":[34],"available,":[35],"(b)":[36],"presented":[37],"as":[38,68],"consequence":[40],"for":[41,71],"SIB,":[42],"or":[43],"(c)":[44],"unavailable.":[45],"Rates":[46],"increased":[49],"when":[50,60],"contingent":[55],"upon":[56],"and":[58],"decreased":[59],"unavailable,":[63],"suggesting":[64],"that":[65],"self-restraint":[66],"functioned":[67],"positive":[69],"reinforcement":[70],"SIB.":[72]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}