{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2086527732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.08.008","title":"Relationship of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Middle-Aged Men to Medicare Expenditures in Older Age: The Chicago Western Electric Study","display_name":"Relationship of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Middle-Aged Men to Medicare Expenditures in Older Age: The Chicago Western Electric Study","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2086527732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.08.008","mag":"2086527732","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16256757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jada.2005.08.008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.08.008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.08.008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150273397","display_name":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association","issn_l":"0002-8223","issn":["0002-8223","1878-3570"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085888091","display_name":"Martha L. Daviglus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-8727","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-8727"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martha L. Daviglus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. daviglus@northwestern.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. daviglus@northwestern.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064977813","display_name":"Kiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7357-1507","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7357-1507"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071670151","display_name":"Amber Pirzada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0526-3611","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0526-3611"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amber Pirzada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University****"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University****","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055316164","display_name":"Lijing L. Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-0462","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-0462"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijing L. Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University","Peking University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066918667","display_name":"Daniel B. Garside","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-2336","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-2336"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel B. Garside","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University****"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University****","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063230233","display_name":"Renwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8871-7054","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8871-7054"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University****"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University****","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061082096","display_name":"Linda Van Horn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1362-5806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1362-5806"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda Van Horn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University****"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University****","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041440974","display_name":"Willard G. Manning","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willard G. Manning","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020091881","display_name":"Larry M. Manheim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larry M. Manheim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011556655","display_name":"Alan R. Dyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8332-9981","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8332-9981"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan R. Dyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University****"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University****","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005650203","display_name":"Philip Greenland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6327-2439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6327-2439"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Greenland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University****"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University****","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111487938","display_name":"Jeremiah Stamler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremiah Stamler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University****"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University****","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085888091"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4367,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88331192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"105","issue":"11","first_page":"1735","last_page":"1744"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13112","display_name":"Nutrition and Health Studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10035","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-and-vegetable-intake","display_name":"fruit and vegetable intake","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-consumption","display_name":"dietary intake","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicare-spending","display_name":"Medicare spending","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"cancer","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-aged-men","display_name":"middle-aged men","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-history","display_name":"dietary history","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6932302117347717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.5959495902061462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779758577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1202615","display_name":"Middle age","level":2,"score":0.5055780410766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4733215272426605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3941226303577423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1438291072845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.06671568751335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.047873109579086304}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005102","descriptor_name":"Health Expenditures","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005638","descriptor_name":"Fruit","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006278","descriptor_name":"Medicare","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006278","descriptor_name":"Medicare","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006304","descriptor_name":"Health Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014675","descriptor_name":"Vegetables","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015999","descriptor_name":"Multivariate Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017048","descriptor_name":"Health Care Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017281","descriptor_name":"Cost of Illness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jada.2005.08.008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.08.008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.08.008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150273397","display_name":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association","issn_l":"0002-8223","issn":["0002-8223","1878-3570"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16256757","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16256757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.4359000027179718,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7784690011","display_name":"Epidemiology of CV and Non-CV Risk in Chicago","funder_award_id":"R01HL021010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8966945182","display_name":"CV RISK FACTORS AT AGE 25-64 &LONG-TERM MEDICARE COSTS","funder_award_id":"R01HL062684","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28172213","https://openalex.org/W614390422","https://openalex.org/W1203690880","https://openalex.org/W1487502939","https://openalex.org/W1826054418","https://openalex.org/W1826739332","https://openalex.org/W1875269330","https://openalex.org/W1910630333","https://openalex.org/W1938124489","https://openalex.org/W1939574446","https://openalex.org/W1945533339","https://openalex.org/W1995366155","https://openalex.org/W1999658872","https://openalex.org/W2019770990","https://openalex.org/W2022889587","https://openalex.org/W2032040348","https://openalex.org/W2035461438","https://openalex.org/W2066504626","https://openalex.org/W2067738895","https://openalex.org/W2084678160","https://openalex.org/W2093841500","https://openalex.org/W2110317278","https://openalex.org/W2113993469","https://openalex.org/W2116211264","https://openalex.org/W2120968620","https://openalex.org/W2123398669","https://openalex.org/W2126016112","https://openalex.org/W2137155036","https://openalex.org/W2139807006","https://openalex.org/W2147201798","https://openalex.org/W2147939281","https://openalex.org/W2158280263","https://openalex.org/W2161540267","https://openalex.org/W2162822345","https://openalex.org/W2270556012","https://openalex.org/W2334851064","https://openalex.org/W2338202305","https://openalex.org/W2401521228","https://openalex.org/W2415456784","https://openalex.org/W2607833769","https://openalex.org/W2619501920","https://openalex.org/W3142901558","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6601137419"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282833601","https://openalex.org/W3194919639","https://openalex.org/W2338202305","https://openalex.org/W2168775710","https://openalex.org/W1963215827","https://openalex.org/W1965977162","https://openalex.org/W2158534169","https://openalex.org/W200896376","https://openalex.org/W7097077986","https://openalex.org/W7074566630"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}