{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2086319367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1348/014466602165081","title":"Evidence that perceived behavioural control is a multidimensional construct: Perceived control and perceived difficulty","display_name":"Evidence that perceived behavioural control is a multidimensional construct: Perceived control and perceived difficulty","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2086319367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1348/014466602165081","mag":"2086319367","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11970777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1348/014466602165081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1348/014466602165081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1348/014466602165081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179906392","display_name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","issn_l":"0144-6665","issn":["0144-6665","2044-8309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029849443","display_name":"David Trafimow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-8044","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-8044"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10052268","display_name":"New Mexico State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hpz7z43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Trafimow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003-8001, USA. trafimow@crl.nmsu.edu","New Mexico State University, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003-8001, USA. trafimow@crl.nmsu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Mexico State University, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112076328","display_name":"Paschal Sheeran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paschal Sheeran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059734965","display_name":"Mark T. Conner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6229-8143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6229-8143"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Conner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074260956","display_name":"Krystina A. Finlay","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10052268","display_name":"New Mexico State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hpz7z43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krystina A. Finlay","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Mexico State University, USA","New Mexico State University, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Mexico State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Mexico State University, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029849443"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.0987,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":432,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99196085,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"1","first_page":"101","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-behavioral-control","display_name":"perceived behavioral control","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-control","display_name":"perceived control","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-difficulty","display_name":"perceived difficulty","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-planned-behavior","display_name":"theory of planned behavior","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-intention","display_name":"behavioral intention","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavior-prediction","display_name":"behavior prediction","score":0.47600001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8361695408821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778967200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22813086","display_name":"Perceived control","level":2,"score":0.8283715844154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.7145992517471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6820681095123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6281223297119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5993971824645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5108806490898132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3279988765716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3215288817882538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001290","descriptor_name":"Attitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007389","descriptor_name":"Internal-External Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015206","descriptor_name":"Southwestern United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015999","descriptor_name":"Multivariate Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1348/014466602165081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1348/014466602165081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1348/014466602165081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179906392","display_name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","issn_l":"0144-6665","issn":["0144-6665","2044-8309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11970777","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11970777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British journal of social psychology","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151394983","https://openalex.org/W7009103514","https://openalex.org/W2015330838","https://openalex.org/W2125395656","https://openalex.org/W1994294430","https://openalex.org/W4249657929","https://openalex.org/W2057171686","https://openalex.org/W7096375309","https://openalex.org/W766883090","https://openalex.org/W2033078405"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Four":[0],"studies":[1],"were":[2],"performed":[3,124],"to":[4,33,36,45,54,60,65,71,78,105,115,130],"test":[5],"whether":[6,55,132],"Ajzen's":[7],"(1988,":[8],"1991)":[9],"concept":[10],"of":[11,19,42,103,170],"perceived":[12,83,87,92,96,117,120,133,136,155,158,164,178],"behavioural":[13,143,172],"control":[14,31,84,118,134,156],"is":[15,76,138,166,177],"really":[16],"an":[17],"amalgamation":[18],"two":[20],"variables,":[21],"which":[22,37],"we":[23,123],"term":[24],"'perceived":[25,28],"control'":[26],"and":[27,119,145,157,160,174],"difficulty'.":[29],"Perceived":[30,51],"refers":[32,53],"the":[34,40,149,152],"extent":[35],"people":[38,56,108],"consider":[39,57],"performance":[41],"a":[43,58,101,125,167],"behaviour":[44,59],"be":[46,61],"under":[47],"their":[48],"voluntary":[49],"control.":[50,97,179],"difficulty":[52,93,137,165],"easy":[62],"or":[63,89,135],"difficult":[64],"perform,":[66],"Findings":[67],"from":[68],"Studies":[69,98],"1":[70],"4":[72],"demonstrate":[73],"that":[74,81,90,107,112,163],"it":[75],"possible":[77],"perform":[79],"manipulations":[80],"affect":[82,91],"more":[85,94,139],"than":[86,95,176],"difficulty,":[88,159],"2-4":[99],"used":[100],"variety":[102],"paradigms":[104],"show":[106],"distinguish":[109],"between":[110,154],"beliefs":[111],"are":[113],"presumed":[114],"underlie":[116],"difficulty.":[121],"Finally,":[122],"meta-analysis":[126],"in":[127],"Study":[128],"5":[129],"determine":[131],"important":[140],"for":[141],"predicting":[142],"intentions":[144,173],"behaviours.":[146],"Taken":[147],"together,":[148],"findings":[150],"support":[151],"distinction":[153],"also":[161],"suggest":[162],"better":[168],"predictor":[169],"most":[171],"behaviours":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}