{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2085690355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200701260278","title":"SUPPRESSION AND EXTINGUISHMENTS OF FORCED-FLOW BOUNDARY LAYER COMBUSTION BY ULTRAFINE WATER MIST","display_name":"SUPPRESSION AND EXTINGUISHMENTS OF FORCED-FLOW BOUNDARY LAYER COMBUSTION BY ULTRAFINE WATER MIST","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2085690355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200701260278","mag":"2085690355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00102200701260278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200701260278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200701260278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62676688","display_name":"Combustion Science and Technology","issn_l":"0010-2202","issn":["0010-2202","0010-2203","1026-7395","1563-521X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Combustion Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073136293","display_name":"Chuka C. Ndubizu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CHUKA C. NDUBIZU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geo-centers, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geo-centers, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050302266","display_name":"Ramagopal Ananth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7976-0867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7976-0867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"RAMAGOPAL ANANTH\u2217","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navy Technology Center for Safety and Survivability, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navy Technology Center for Safety and Survivability, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110148155","display_name":"F. W. Williams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"FREDRICK W. WILLIAMS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navy Technology Center for Safety and Survivability, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navy Technology Center for Safety and Survivability, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050302266"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1617,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84356987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"179","issue":"9","first_page":"1867","last_page":"1899"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.9345999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.9345999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10553","display_name":"Combustion and flame dynamics","score":0.04170000180602074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.006200000178068876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flame-suppression","display_name":"flame suppression","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flame-extinction","display_name":"flame extinction","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/droplet-size","display_name":"droplet size","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-velocity-effects","display_name":"air velocity effects","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burning-rate","display_name":"burning rate","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flame-temperature","display_name":"flame temperature","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/droplet-penetration","display_name":"droplet penetration","score":0.6320000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6831451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192196","display_name":"Mist","level":2,"score":0.7636810541152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111603439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752193","display_name":"Boundary layer","level":2,"score":0.6999192237854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.6392358541488647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5143171548843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4500105082988739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.44255438446998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4119827449321747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.40102148056030273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38987043499946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.35005655884742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.334195077419281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.18758311867713928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.16240999102592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11533844470977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.08948293328285217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00102200701260278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200701260278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200701260278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62676688","display_name":"Combustion Science and Technology","issn_l":"0010-2202","issn":["0010-2202","0010-2203","1026-7395","1563-521X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Combustion Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27572926","https://openalex.org/W94049263","https://openalex.org/W246167861","https://openalex.org/W1528387358","https://openalex.org/W1750849599","https://openalex.org/W1964600616","https://openalex.org/W1966887236","https://openalex.org/W1995339378","https://openalex.org/W2010301020","https://openalex.org/W2011967359","https://openalex.org/W2015167339","https://openalex.org/W2020541266","https://openalex.org/W2030061303","https://openalex.org/W2041357349","https://openalex.org/W2049462733","https://openalex.org/W2055418623","https://openalex.org/W2084875519","https://openalex.org/W2089064131","https://openalex.org/W2089946474","https://openalex.org/W2090915804","https://openalex.org/W2093993666","https://openalex.org/W2127080755","https://openalex.org/W2160996349","https://openalex.org/W2163690217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W218748040","https://openalex.org/W2171195516","https://openalex.org/W11526028","https://openalex.org/W7097676707","https://openalex.org/W2262676770","https://openalex.org/W281278677","https://openalex.org/W2016191132","https://openalex.org/W2363268805","https://openalex.org/W2347715077","https://openalex.org/W1991219529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Experiments":[0],"were":[1],"performed":[2],"to":[3,59,81,90,119,162,208],"quantify":[4],"the":[5,14,29,54,61,71,83,86,95,98,105,114,125,133,137,144,169,172,175,177,183,188,196,204,212],"effects":[6],"of":[7,18,68,165,206],"droplet":[8,36,213],"concentration":[9,198],"and":[10,16,43,190],"air":[11,72,92],"velocity":[12,73],"on":[13],"suppression":[15],"extinguishment":[17],"a":[19,66,200],"boundary":[20],"layer":[21],"flame":[22,62,84,99,170],"with":[23,47,143,147],"ultrafine":[24],"water":[25,130],"mist":[26,192],"(UFM).":[27],"Unlike":[28,174],"traditional":[30],"nozzles,":[31],"UFM":[32,55,78,189],"has":[33],"very":[34],"small":[35],"size":[37,214],"(Sauter":[38],"mean":[39],"diameter,":[40],"3":[41],"\u00b5m)":[42],"forms":[44],"laminar":[45],"flow":[46],"low":[48],"momentum.":[49],"The":[50,149],"results":[51],"show":[52,194],"that":[53,195],"mass":[56],"fraction":[57],"needed":[58,80],"extinguish":[60,82],"decreases":[63],"linearly":[64],"by":[65],"factor":[67],"7":[69],"as":[70,211],"is":[74,79,101,109,215],"doubled.":[75],"About":[76],"12%":[77],"when":[85],"data":[87,193],"are":[88,140,154],"extrapolated":[89],"zero":[91],"velocity.":[93],"Below":[94],"extinction":[96,134,138,197],"concentration,":[97],"temperature":[100],"reduced":[102],"slightly,":[103],"but":[104,157],"local":[106,126],"burning":[107,127],"rate":[108,128],"suppressed":[110],"significantly.":[111],"In":[112],"contrast,":[113],"spray-nozzle-mist":[115,145],"(SMD":[116],"range":[117,205],"15":[118],"50":[120],"\u00b5m,":[121],"high":[122],"momentum)":[123],"enhanced":[124],"at":[129],"concentrations":[131,139],"below":[132],"limit.":[135],"Furthermore,":[136],"significantly":[141],"lower":[142],"than":[146,171],"UFM.":[148,173],"precise":[150],"reasons":[151],"for":[152],"this":[153],"not":[155],"clear":[156],"it":[158],"may":[159],"be":[160],"due":[161],"better":[163],"penetration":[164],"high-momentum":[166],"droplets":[167],"into":[168],"UFM,":[176],"nozzle":[178,191],"spray":[179],"induces":[180],"turbulence":[181],"in":[182,203],"flame.":[184],"Despite":[185],"these":[186],"differences,":[187],"exhibits":[199],"shallow":[201],"minimum":[202],"25":[207],"40":[209],"\u00b5m":[210],"increased.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}