{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2085666901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2003.09.006","title":"Patenting genetic materials' unresolved issues and promoting competition in biotechnology","display_name":"Patenting genetic materials' unresolved issues and promoting competition in biotechnology","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2085666901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2003.09.006","mag":"2085666901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.infoecopol.2003.09.006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2003.09.006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2003.09.006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169221615","display_name":"Information Economics and Policy","issn_l":"0167-6245","issn":["0167-6245","1873-5975"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Economics and Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040073028","display_name":"Charles G. R. Lawson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-026X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-026X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles Lawson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Center for Intellectual Property in Agriculture, School of Law, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Center for Intellectual Property in Agriculture, School of Law, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040073028"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"],"apc_list":{"value":3930,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3930},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32609203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"91","last_page":"112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.7904999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.7904999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.19339999556541443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-genetic-resources","display_name":"access to genetic resources","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compulsory-licensing","display_name":"compulsory licensing","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-intellectual-property-law","display_name":"international intellectual property law","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-incentives","display_name":"innovation incentives","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.8006089925765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.7547383308410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6513667106628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7285140","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","level":2,"score":0.5334850549697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992860105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631392","display_name":"Subject matter","level":3,"score":0.4603881537914276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779218306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144529","display_name":"Patentable subject matter","level":5,"score":0.4355875551700592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4194552004337311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4009110629558563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.37251681089401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3719162344932556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780697943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144533","display_name":"Patentability","level":4,"score":0.36090534925460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984145337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253623","display_name":"Patent law","level":3,"score":0.27313512563705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2125244438648224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1393982172012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12927889823913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12071660161018372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11664021015167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.infoecopol.2003.09.006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2003.09.006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2003.09.006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169221615","display_name":"Information Economics and Policy","issn_l":"0167-6245","issn":["0167-6245","1873-5975"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Economics and Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:iepoli:v:16:y:2004:i:1:p:91-112","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167-6245(03)00055-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.griffith.edu.au:10072/5456","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/5456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064376","display_name":"Griffith Research Online","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308604","display_name":"Biogen","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqkb192"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309432","display_name":"F. Hoffmann-La Roche","ror":"https://ror.org/00by1q217"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110033710","https://openalex.org/W638533949","https://openalex.org/W1005388985","https://openalex.org/W1031141031","https://openalex.org/W1545794219","https://openalex.org/W1590230523","https://openalex.org/W1974941907","https://openalex.org/W2006044434","https://openalex.org/W2071519453","https://openalex.org/W2182972257","https://openalex.org/W2208464186","https://openalex.org/W2408905663","https://openalex.org/W3028634871","https://openalex.org/W6635484375","https://openalex.org/W7070234822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W116964630","https://openalex.org/W2337708862","https://openalex.org/W287841642","https://openalex.org/W2524468930","https://openalex.org/W2118801962","https://openalex.org/W1946190285","https://openalex.org/W2386081847","https://openalex.org/W2154278101","https://openalex.org/W92988226","https://openalex.org/W1529947244"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}