{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2085318022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.11278","title":"On the track of neuropsychiatric lupus","display_name":"On the track of neuropsychiatric lupus","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2085318022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.11278","mag":"2085318022","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14558073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/art.11278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.11278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.11278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132787887","display_name":"Arthritis & Rheumatism","issn_l":"0004-3591","issn":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arthritis & Rheumatism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089808423","display_name":"Betty Diamond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3250-3804","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3250-3804"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129975664","display_name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05cf8a891","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I4210112371"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Betty Diamond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129975664"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046913023","display_name":"Bruce T. Volpe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1098-1848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1098-1848"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117944","display_name":"Burke Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02sp1z620","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117944"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153466","display_name":"Weill Cornell Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02r109517","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Volpe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, and The Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, and The Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4210117944","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089808423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129975664"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2218,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78603652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"10","first_page":"2710","last_page":"2712"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10697","display_name":"Vasculitis and related conditions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11627","display_name":"Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropsychiatric-systemic-lupus-erythematosus","display_name":"neuropsychiatric lupus","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-lupus-erythematosus","display_name":"systemic lupus erythematosus","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoantibodies","display_name":"autoantibodies","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-ribosomal-p-protein-antibodies","display_name":"anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-nmda-receptor-antibodies","display_name":"NMDA receptor antibodies","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-beta2-glycoprotein-i-antibodies","display_name":"anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-dsdna-antibodies","display_name":"anti-dsDNA antibodies","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-ssa-ssb-antibodies","display_name":"anti-SSA/SSB antibodies","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-actin-antibodies","display_name":"anti-actin antibodies","score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiplatelet-antibodies","display_name":"antiplatelet antibodies","score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-endothelial-cell-antibodies","display_name":"anti-endothelial cell antibodies","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antilymphocyte-antibodies","display_name":"anti-lymphocyte antibodies","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-cd20-monoclonal-antibody","display_name":"anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-cd3-antibody","display_name":"anti-CD3 antibody","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-cd2-antibody","display_name":"anti-CD2 antibody","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-cd4-antibody","display_name":"anti-CD4 antibody","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-cd8-antibody","display_name":"anti-CD8 antibody","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-cd19-antibody","display_name":"anti-CD19","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti","display_name":"anti-","score":0.421999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776912625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1485","display_name":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","level":3,"score":0.6910756230354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.6593205332756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5006487369537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.35000383853912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.32965996861457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2732214629650116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.24995002150535583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.20902502536773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.06702959537506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020945","descriptor_name":"Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020945","descriptor_name":"Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020945","descriptor_name":"Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/art.11278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.11278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.11278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132787887","display_name":"Arthritis & Rheumatism","issn_l":"0004-3591","issn":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arthritis & Rheumatism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14558073","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14558073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arthritis and rheumatism","raw_type":"Editorial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605213317","https://openalex.org/W1884280719","https://openalex.org/W1970345181","https://openalex.org/W1977689811","https://openalex.org/W1980232573","https://openalex.org/W2004913283","https://openalex.org/W2021570195","https://openalex.org/W2031516066","https://openalex.org/W2051089224","https://openalex.org/W2061816935","https://openalex.org/W2061826173","https://openalex.org/W2064019781","https://openalex.org/W2086851436","https://openalex.org/W2086996090","https://openalex.org/W2089378868","https://openalex.org/W2095790294","https://openalex.org/W2107673722","https://openalex.org/W2114526923","https://openalex.org/W2124450375","https://openalex.org/W2146767976","https://openalex.org/W2147457110","https://openalex.org/W2153389906","https://openalex.org/W2162493068","https://openalex.org/W2295271763","https://openalex.org/W2403011289","https://openalex.org/W2409316724","https://openalex.org/W2561536790","https://openalex.org/W6697406714"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2626618641","https://openalex.org/W4399111389","https://openalex.org/W4387184616","https://openalex.org/W1970207491","https://openalex.org/W2567101560","https://openalex.org/W2315085234","https://openalex.org/W4249837853","https://openalex.org/W2394678028","https://openalex.org/W7100002574","https://openalex.org/W4294618046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,22,27,31,73,76,97,118,141,157,196,231,322,362,372,384,431,439,456,465,488,501,514,558,600,664,709,728,735,765,806,854,893,897,903,910,921,930,946,950,957,969,1009,1018,1051,1060,1072,1123,1134,1162,1169,1176,1179,1234],"past":[2],"few":[3],"decades,":[4],"we":[5],"have":[6,275,353,383,399,413,550,623,630,671,689,1025],"witnessed":[7],"a":[8,93,107,178,257,301,306,425,526,540,692,721,780,803,822,827,883,982,1005,1014,1076,1085],"decrease":[9],"in":[10,39,59,133,144,251,265,325,371,455,520,569,573,581,587,604,641,648,657,732,764,853,885,909,939,956,968,1008,1017,1021,1046,1059,1075,1168,1184],"early":[11],"mortality":[12],"among":[13],"patients":[14,134,378,396,418,461,544,590,619,750,914,940,995,1023,1032,1080,1185],"with":[15,63,104,135,292,356,379,397,419,424,545,564,576,620,650,663,674,701,740,789,844,915,941,996,1029,1050,1064,1081,1186,1206,1212],"systemic":[16,493],"lupus":[17,60,380,460],"erythematosus":[18],"(SLE),":[19],"attributable":[20],"to":[21,71,83,200,262,268,277,284,308,313,361,368,382,387,554,634,753,798,819,826,891,1118,1140,1232],"improved":[23,37],"management":[24],"of":[25,33,53,66,75,79,110,140,177,195,204,212,260,271,332,377,395,406,430,444,450,459,492,500,513,531,542,548,666,712,724,730,734,749,767,783,805,841,847,856,858,875,896,913,945,949,952,1011,1035,1053,1071,1079,1088,1098,1111,1125,1133,1156,1164,1178,1181,1236],"both":[26,1030],"disease":[28,58,81,563,859,870,1037,1150,1183,1192],"itself":[29],"and":[30,48,56,82,113,159,207,237,327,334,339,374,381,403,410,475,496,528,566,614,638,643,681,720,757,771,773,793,849,861,902,954,965,1013,1038,1056,1063,1090,1100,1166,1194,1210],"complications":[32],"therapy.":[34],"However,":[35,686,1122],"this":[36,145,759,873,985],"outcome":[38],"SLE":[40,90,136,185,190,266,658,916,997,1022,1031],"has":[41,187],"been":[42,354,672],"accompanied":[43],"by":[44,193,217,464,487,497,987],"an":[45,50,1044,1131],"increased":[46,51,415],"awareness,":[47],"potentially":[49],"incidence,":[52],"late-onset":[54],"heart":[55,239],"brain":[57,249,309,341,480,596,636,791,813,851,935,1026,1182],"patients.":[61],"Thus,":[62],"some":[64,139,507,552,994],"degree":[65],"urgency,":[67],"investigators":[68,274,744],"are":[69,149,215,290,436,963,1113,1116],"seeking":[70],"understand":[72],"pathogenesis":[74,1180],"delayed":[77],"onset":[78],"organ-specific":[80],"identify":[84,278,892],"preventive":[85],"treatments.":[86],"The":[87,838,918,943],"possibility":[88],"that":[89,175,224,244,280,312,336,468,509,660,697,746,758,779,794,821,834,937,961,993,1043,1103,1201,1218],"might":[91,796,830],"underlie":[92,599,835],"general":[94,809],"assault":[95],"on":[96,120,1067,1105],"central":[98],"nervous":[99],"system":[100,198],"(CNS)":[101],"is":[102,163,171,191,220,256,300,311,422,462,506,698,816,1216],"consistent":[103,423],"data":[105,242],"from":[106,1224],"growing":[108,448],"number":[109],"clinical,":[111],"histopathologic,":[112],"neuroimaging":[114,846],"studies.":[115],"In":[116,253,343,872],"1999,":[117],"Committee":[119],"Neuropsychiatric":[121],"Lupus":[122],"Nomenclature":[123],"provided":[124,551],"case":[125,714],"definitions":[126,715],"for":[127,183,297,305,417,427,503,557,716,923,928,981,1147],"19":[128,515],"different":[129],"neuropsychiatric":[130,184,517],"syndromes":[131,142,718,1107],"seen":[132],"(1).":[137],"For":[138,154,1137],"included":[143,519,539],"comprehensive":[146],"list,":[147],"there":[148,162,255,299],"solid":[150],"candidate":[151],"causative":[152,442],"mechanisms.":[153,871,1121,1136],"others,":[155],"especially":[156,230],"psychiatric":[158],"cognitive":[160,510,560,602,621,702,755,784,836],"disorders,":[161],"less":[164],"information":[165],"about":[166],"mechanism":[167,182],"or":[168,572,594,609,694,811],"pathology.":[169],"It":[170,219,815,1196],"no":[172,624],"wonder,":[173],"then,":[174],"identification":[176],"single,":[179],"all-purpose,":[180],"unifying":[181],"(NPSLE)":[186],"remained":[188],"elusive.":[189],"characterized":[192],"activation":[194,429],"immune":[197],"leading":[199],"autoantibody":[201,295,863],"production,":[202,210],"engagement":[203],"complement":[205,401,432],"cascades,":[206],"exuberant":[208],"cytokine":[209,453],"all":[211,546],"which,":[213],"perhaps,":[214],"regulated":[216],"hormones.":[218],"now":[221],"well":[222],"established":[223],"autoantibodies":[225,245,264,279,320,352],"can":[226,470,644,977],"directly":[227,267,283,471],"damage":[228,250],"organs,":[229],"kidney":[232],"(2,":[233],"3),":[234],"skin":[235],"(4),":[236],"fetal":[238],"(5).":[240],"Provocative":[241],"suggest":[243,920],"may":[246,482,522,598,611,786,865,1189,1197],"also":[247,483],"mediate":[248],"SLE.":[252,504],"fact,":[254],"long":[258],"history":[259],"efforts":[261],"link":[263],"CNS":[269,445,1000,1036,1149],"manifestations":[270],"disease.":[272],"Several":[273],"sought":[276],"either":[281],"bind":[282],"neurons":[285,953,962],"or,":[286],"at":[287],"high":[288],"titer,":[289],"associated":[291],"NPSLE.":[293,532],"One":[294],"specificity":[296],"which":[298,421,538,886,1112],"plausible":[302],"mechanistic":[303],"explanation":[304],"relationship":[307],"dysfunction":[310,1027],"phospholipid":[314],"antigens":[315],"(6,":[316],"7).":[317],"These":[318,1002],"pathologic":[319,970],"impair":[321],"rheologic":[323],"conditions":[324],"large":[326,570],"small":[328,574,578],"vessels,":[329,571],"allowing":[330],"generation":[331],"emboli":[333],"thrombosis":[335],"cause":[337,388,612],"ischemic":[338],"hemorrhagic":[340,595],"injury.":[342,1001],"some,":[344],"but":[345,932],"not":[346,690,1173,1211],"all,":[347],"studies,":[348,742],"anti\u2013ribosomal":[349],"P":[350],"protein":[351,900,907],"correlated":[355,700,1049],"psychosis":[357],"(8).":[358],"Recently,":[359],"antibodies":[360],"NR2":[363],"N-methyl-D-aspartate":[364],"receptor":[365],"were":[366],"demonstrated":[367,414,727],"be":[369,484,523,645,978,1141,1152,1230],"present":[370],"serum":[373,862],"cerebrospinal":[375,407,457,911,958,1061,1170],"fluid":[376,408,458,912,959],"functional":[385],"capacity":[386],"excitotoxic":[389],"neuronal":[390],"death":[391],"(9).":[392],"Some":[393],"studies":[394,405,629,656,688,1102,1139],"NPSLE":[398,717,731,1126],"implicated":[400],"(10),":[402],"recent":[404,706],"C3":[409],"C4":[411],"indices":[412],"values":[416],"NPSLE,":[420,549,929,1082,1109,1187],"potential":[426,441,555],"antibody-mediated":[428],"cascade":[433],"(11).":[434],"Autoantibodies":[435],"not,":[437],"however,":[438],"only":[440,588],"agent":[443],"damage.":[446,814],"A":[447,705,1096],"body":[449],"literature":[451],"describing":[452],"abnormalities":[454,670],"matched":[463],"complementary":[466],"findings":[467],"cytokines":[469,1055],"affect":[472],"neuron":[473],"survival":[474],"function":[476,481],"(12,":[477],"13).":[478],"Finally,":[479,1214],"adversely":[485],"affected":[486],"considerable":[489],"secondary":[490],"effects":[491],"organ":[494],"failure":[495],"direct":[498],"toxicity":[499],"treatments":[502],"There":[505],"consensus":[508],"dysfunction,":[511],"one":[512],"syndromic":[516],"complexes":[518],"lupus,":[521],"emerging":[524],"as":[525,802,1161,1221],"frequent":[527],"debilitating":[529],"manifestation":[530],"Four":[533],"major":[534,781],"analyses":[535],"(10,":[536,591],"14-16),":[537],"total":[541],"141":[543],"varieties":[547],"clues":[553],"mechanisms":[556,833,1209],"nonreversible":[559,601],"impairment.":[561,837],"Cerebrovascular":[562],"destructive":[565],"proliferative":[567],"changes":[568,1066],"vessels":[575],"multiple":[577],"infarctions,":[579],"occurred":[580,585],"66":[582],"patients;":[583],"vasculitis":[584],"rarely,":[586],"11":[589],"14-16).":[592],"Ischemic":[593],"injury":[597],"disorder":[603,936],"SLE,":[605],"and,":[606],"when":[607],"progressive":[608],"cumulative,":[610,807],"atrophy":[613],"multiinfarct":[615],"dementia;":[616],"nonetheless,":[617],"many":[618,1110],"impairment":[622,703,760,785,795],"demonstrable":[625],"vascular":[626],"lesion.":[627],"Neuroimaging":[628],"offered":[631],"new":[632,867],"opportunities":[633],"explore":[635],"metabolism":[637],"structural":[639,693,850,1065],"lesions":[640],"vivo":[642],"informative":[646],"even":[647,1198],"individuals":[649],"subtle":[651],"neurologic":[652],"disorders.":[653],"Recent":[654],"imaging":[655,687],"confirm":[659],"stroke":[661],"correlates":[662],"presence":[665,729,1052,1163],"antiphospholipid":[667],"antibodies.":[668],"Many":[669],"noted":[673],"magnetic":[675,678,1068],"resonance":[676,679,1069],"imaging,":[677],"spectroscopy,":[680],"positron":[682],"emission":[683],"tomographic":[684],"techniques.":[685],"revealed":[691],"metabolic":[695,848],"abnormality":[696],"consistently":[699],"(17-24).":[704],"study":[707,884,986],"using":[708],"American":[710],"College":[711],"Rheumatology":[713],"(1)":[719],"reliable":[722,1144],"battery":[723],"neuropsychological":[725],"examinations":[726],"80%":[733],"subjects":[736],"studied":[737],"(25).":[738],"Consistent":[739],"previous":[741],"those":[743],"showed":[745],"nearly":[747],"50%":[748],"had":[751],"mild":[752],"severe":[754],"impairment,":[756],"was":[761],"particularly":[762],"significant":[763,1015],"areas":[766],"motor":[768],"performance":[769],"speed,":[770],"visual":[772],"verbal":[774],"memory.":[775],"This":[776],"observation":[777],"suggests":[778,960],"component":[782],"occur":[787],"initially":[788],"regional":[790],"injury,":[792],"continue":[797],"accrue":[799],"over":[800],"time":[801],"result":[804],"more":[808,1129],"vasculopathic":[810],"toxic":[812],"reasonable,":[817],"therefore,":[818],"speculate":[820],"longitudinal":[823],"(in":[824],"addition":[825],"cross-sectional)":[828],"approach":[829],"efficiently":[831],"reveal":[832],"formal":[839],"assessment":[840],"behavior,":[842],"along":[843],"concomitant":[845],"damage,":[852,1159],"context":[855],"measurement":[857],"activity":[860,1193],"levels,":[864],"provide":[866],"insights":[868],"into":[869],"issue":[874],"Arthritis":[876],"&":[877],"Rheumatism,":[878],"Trysberg":[879,988],"et":[880,989],"al":[881,990],"describe":[882],"they":[887,1083,1188],"used":[888],"immunochemical":[889],"analysis":[890],"light":[894],"subunit":[895],"neurofilament":[898],"triplet":[899],"(NFL)":[901],"glial":[904],"fibrillary":[905],"acidic":[906],"(GFAP)":[908],"(26).":[917],"authors":[919,1003],"need":[922],"new,":[924],"sensitive":[925],"surrogate":[926,1145],"markers":[927,1048,1146,1155,1203,1219],"complex":[931],"increasingly":[933],"diagnosed":[934],"occurs":[938],"lupus.":[942],"finding":[944],"filamentous":[947],"components":[948],"cytoskeleton":[951],"astrocytes":[955,967],"dying":[964],"implicates":[966],"process.":[971],"Although":[972,1154],"neither":[973],"NFL":[974,1012,1089,1165],"nor":[975],"GFAP":[976,1019,1091,1167],"considered":[979],"diagnostic":[980,1227],"specific":[983],"disease,":[984],"demonstrates":[991],"unequivocally":[992],"sustain":[998],"persistent":[999],"demonstrate":[1004],"logarithmic":[1006],"increase":[1007,1016,1045],"level":[1010,1020],"who":[1024],"compared":[1028],"without":[1033],"evidence":[1034],"normal":[1039],"subjects.":[1040],"They":[1041],"show":[1042,1084],"these":[1047,1138,1202],"inflammatory":[1054],"oligoclonal":[1057],"bands":[1058],"fluid,":[1062,1171],"images":[1070],"brain.":[1073],"Furthermore,":[1074],"smaller":[1077],"group":[1078],"marked":[1086],"decline":[1087],"levels":[1092],"after":[1093],"cyclophosphamide":[1094],"treatment.":[1095],"variety":[1097],"basic":[1099],"clinical":[1101],"focus":[1104],"particular":[1106],"within":[1108],"currently":[1114],"underway,":[1115],"needed":[1117],"elucidate":[1119],"pathogenetic":[1120,1208],"treatment":[1124],"will":[1127,1151,1172,1204,1229],"require":[1128],"than":[1130],"understanding":[1132],"underlying":[1135],"optimally":[1142],"informative,":[1143],"ongoing":[1148,1157],"necessary.":[1153],"cerebral":[1158],"such":[1160,1220],"alone":[1174],"solve":[1175],"puzzle":[1177],"help":[1190],"signal":[1191],"progression.":[1195],"become":[1199],"evident":[1200],"correlate":[1205],"certain":[1207],"others.":[1213],"it":[1215],"clear":[1217],"these,":[1222],"obtained":[1223],"minimally":[1225],"invasive":[1226],"procedures,":[1228],"necessary":[1231],"assess":[1233],"efficacy":[1235],"therapeutic":[1237],"interventions.":[1238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}