{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2085087828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043249.1990.10792724","title":"Early Buddhist Art and the Theory of Aniconism","display_name":"Early Buddhist Art and the Theory of Aniconism","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2085087828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043249.1990.10792724","mag":"2085087828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00043249.1990.10792724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043249.1990.10792724","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043249.1990.10792724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184725536","display_name":"Art Journal","issn_l":"0004-3249","issn":["0004-3249","2325-5307"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320307","host_organization_name":"College Art Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320307"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["College Art Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Art Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000733862","display_name":"Susan L. Huntington","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Susan L. Huntington","raw_affiliation_strings":["View further author information"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000733862"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.4608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96551301,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"4","first_page":"401","last_page":"401"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11563","display_name":"Indian and Buddhist Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11563","display_name":"Indian and Buddhist Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12632","display_name":"Visual Culture and Art Theory","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13150","display_name":"Study and Philosophy of Religion","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-buddhist-art","display_name":"early Buddhist art","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aniconism","display_name":"aniconism","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sakyamuni","display_name":"Sakyamuni","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buddha-images","display_name":"Buddha images","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropomorphism","display_name":"anthropomorphism","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buddhist-symbolism","display_name":"Buddhist symbolism","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stone-relief","display_name":"stone relief","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ficus-religiosa","display_name":"Ficus religiosa","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-buddha","display_name":"historical Buddha","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buddhist-iconography","display_name":"Buddhist iconography","score":0.640999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524757792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9441","display_name":"Gautama Buddha","level":3,"score":0.9971487522125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75699723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748","display_name":"Buddhism","level":2,"score":0.8708064556121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779702343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166770","display_name":"Depiction","level":2,"score":0.7562779188156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.6181806921958923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780326160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592592","display_name":"Enlightenment","level":2,"score":0.5013444423675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.3974372446537018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3842986524105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.3277914524078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.1083272397518158}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00043249.1990.10792724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043249.1990.10792724","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00043249.1990.10792724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184725536","display_name":"Art Journal","issn_l":"0004-3249","issn":["0004-3249","2325-5307"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320307","host_organization_name":"College Art Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320307"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["College Art Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Art Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/777142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/777142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/777142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184725536","display_name":"Art Journal","issn_l":"0004-3249","issn":["0004-3249","2325-5307"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320307","host_organization_name":"College Art Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320307"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["College Art Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Art Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510308034","https://openalex.org/W2195194885","https://openalex.org/W2888234378","https://openalex.org/W7204881695","https://openalex.org/W1999098035","https://openalex.org/W91994141","https://openalex.org/W3206533166","https://openalex.org/W647684857","https://openalex.org/W2267879336","https://openalex.org/W2982404209"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,15,21,26,44,51,57,62,76,80,91,104,120],"late":[2],"nineteenth":[3],"and":[4,9],"early":[5,69],"twentieth":[6],"centuries,":[7],"European":[8],"Indian":[10],"scholars":[11],"were":[12,96],"puzzled":[13],"by":[14],"absence":[16],"of":[17,20,46,64,90,103,115,119],"anthropomorphic":[18],"representations":[19,102],"historical":[22],"Buddha":[23,39,52,121,128],"\u015a\u0101kyamuni":[24],"in":[25,56,68],"earliest":[27],"surviving":[28],"Buddhist":[29,32,94],"art.":[30],"Early":[31],"art,":[33],"it":[34],"was":[35,72],"assumed,":[36],"either":[37,116],"avoided":[38],"images":[40,118,129],"entirely,":[41],"or":[42,53,122],"favored":[43],"use":[45],"symbols":[47,124],"to":[48,50,74,99],"refer":[49],"important":[54],"events":[55],"Buddha's":[58,77,105],"life.":[59],"For":[60],"example,":[61],"depiction":[63],"a":[65],"specific":[66],"tree":[67,82],"stone":[70],"reliefs":[71],"interpreted":[73],"signify":[75],"enlightenment":[78],"beneath":[79],"bodhi":[81],"at":[83,108],"Bodh":[84],"Gaya":[85],"(fig.":[86,110],"5).":[87],"Similarly,":[88],"portrayals":[89],"wheel":[92],"representing":[93],"law":[95],"often":[97],"thought":[98],"be":[100],"symbolic":[101],"first":[106],"sermon":[107],"Sarnath":[109],"1).":[111],"This":[112],"supposed":[113],"practice":[114],"avoiding":[117],"using":[123],"as":[125,132],"substitutes":[126],"for":[127],"became":[130],"known":[131],"\u201caniconism.\u201d":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
