{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084946992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.21.2784","title":"HLA Class II Associations With Rheumatic Heart Disease Are More Evident and Consistent Among Clinically Homogeneous Patients","display_name":"HLA Class II Associations With Rheumatic Heart Disease Are More Evident and Consistent Among Clinically Homogeneous Patients","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084946992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.21.2784","mag":"2084946992","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10351973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.21.2784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.21.2784","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.21.2784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072719087","display_name":"Y. Gu\u00e9dez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086422","display_name":"Memphis VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/000vjzq57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I4210112672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["EG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajaira Gue\u0301dez","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I75027704","https://openalex.org/I84524832","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065693952","display_name":"Alyaa Kotby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-890X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-890X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086422","display_name":"Memphis VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/000vjzq57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I4210112672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["EG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alyaa Kotby","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I75027704","https://openalex.org/I84524832","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012172467","display_name":"Maha El Demellawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3535-1607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3535-1607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086422","display_name":"Memphis VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/000vjzq57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I4210112672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["EG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maha El-Demellawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I75027704","https://openalex.org/I84524832","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082026812","display_name":"Ashraf Galal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086422","display_name":"Memphis VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/000vjzq57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I4210112672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["EG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashraf Galal","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I75027704","https://openalex.org/I84524832","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111566218","display_name":"Glenys J. Thomson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086422","display_name":"Memphis VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/000vjzq57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I4210112672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["EG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Glenys Thomson","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I75027704","https://openalex.org/I84524832","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109577923","display_name":"Salah Zaher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086422","display_name":"Memphis VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/000vjzq57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I4210112672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["EG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salah Zaher","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I75027704","https://openalex.org/I84524832","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Samir Kassem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086422","display_name":"Memphis VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/000vjzq57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I4210112672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["EG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samir Kassem","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I75027704","https://openalex.org/I84524832","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081260720","display_name":"Malak Kotb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-1343","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-1343"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086422","display_name":"Memphis VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/000vjzq57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I4210112672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["EG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malak Kotb","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.G., M.E., M.K.) and The University of Tennessee, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology, and Immunology (Y.G., M.E., M.K.), Memphis; the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt; and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I4210086422","https://openalex.org/I75027704","https://openalex.org/I84524832","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (G.T.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo (A.K.) and Alexandria University (A.G., S.Z., S.K.), Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978","https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2096,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":118,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87897382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":"21","first_page":"2784","last_page":"2790"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11153","display_name":"Streptococcal Infections and Treatments","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11153","display_name":"Streptococcal Infections and Treatments","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10697","display_name":"Vasculitis and related conditions","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rheumatic-heart-disease","display_name":"rheumatic heart disease","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hla-class-ii","display_name":"HLA class II","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hla-drb1-0701","display_name":"HLA-DRB1*0701","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hla-haplotypes","display_name":"HLA haplotypes","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitral-valve-disease","display_name":"mitral valve disease","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitral-regurgitation","display_name":"mitral regurgitation","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitral-stenosis","display_name":"mitral stenosis","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-rheumatic-fever","display_name":"recurrent rheumatic fever","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-susceptibility","display_name":"genetic susceptibility","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linkage-disequilibrium","display_name":"linkage disequilibrium","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-alleles","display_name":"protective alleles","score":0.4729999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9387068748474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.627411425113678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780074459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389735","display_name":"Heart disease","level":2,"score":0.5905458331108093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188280979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911125","display_name":"Human leukocyte antigen","level":3,"score":0.5232186317443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4811874032020569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.35160887241363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.33685874938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.23196643590927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.09690558910369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.07037755846977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000949","descriptor_name":"Histocompatibility Antigens Class II","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000949","descriptor_name":"Histocompatibility Antigens Class II","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005802","descriptor_name":"Genes, MHC Class II","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006239","descriptor_name":"Haplotypes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006683","descriptor_name":"HLA-DQ Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006683","descriptor_name":"HLA-DQ Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012214","descriptor_name":"Rheumatic Heart Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.21.2784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.21.2784","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.21.2784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10351973","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10351973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.573.3134","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.573.3134","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/99/21/2784.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.997.171","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.997.171","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/circulationaha/99/21/2784.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2887468670","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/circ.99.21.2784?related-urls=yes&legid=circulationaha%3B99%2F21%2F2784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1855681474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"40198","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5605106336","display_name":"Immunopathogenesis of Group A Streptococcal Infection","funder_award_id":"R01AI040198","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000342314","display_name":"MODELS IN POPULATION GENETICS","funder_award_id":"R01GM056688","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320177","display_name":"US-UK Fulbright Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/037nbwt68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147220674","https://openalex.org/W1557221696","https://openalex.org/W1966212290","https://openalex.org/W1966388921","https://openalex.org/W1973041356","https://openalex.org/W1982020909","https://openalex.org/W2029185503","https://openalex.org/W2031581962","https://openalex.org/W2035064373","https://openalex.org/W2046425103","https://openalex.org/W2055210731","https://openalex.org/W2055966302","https://openalex.org/W2060882081","https://openalex.org/W2062842869","https://openalex.org/W2069382475","https://openalex.org/W2070307439","https://openalex.org/W2075464772","https://openalex.org/W2077987810","https://openalex.org/W2078296260","https://openalex.org/W2085619452","https://openalex.org/W2110776768","https://openalex.org/W2116269189","https://openalex.org/W2117977766","https://openalex.org/W2123200688","https://openalex.org/W2127135404","https://openalex.org/W2156380818","https://openalex.org/W2163521262","https://openalex.org/W2164081159","https://openalex.org/W2170119933","https://openalex.org/W2317019855","https://openalex.org/W2396334339","https://openalex.org/W2399037016","https://openalex.org/W4235509947","https://openalex.org/W4256698031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1848562629","https://openalex.org/W2108878244","https://openalex.org/W2409938920","https://openalex.org/W7098476857","https://openalex.org/W1983191606","https://openalex.org/W2418332153","https://openalex.org/W1975381616","https://openalex.org/W2077758727","https://openalex.org/W2112316148","https://openalex.org/W4382932764"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Discrepancies":[1],"in":[2,41,56,101,131,141,189,214,247],"reported":[3],"HLA":[4,36,154],"class":[5,223],"II":[6,51,224],"associations":[7,155,237],"with":[8,43,80,83,94,124,192,228,249],"rheumatic":[9],"heart":[10],"disease":[11,75],"(RHD)":[12],"may":[13,181],"have":[14],"been":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,103,196,239],"inaccuracies":[18],"of":[19,25,29,59,96,114,144,153,162],"serological":[20],"typing":[21],"reagents":[22],"and/or":[23,98],"lack":[24],"defined":[26,44],"clinical":[27,45,253],"classification":[28],"patients":[30,42,61,115,126,147,248],"analyzed.":[31],"The":[32,107,160],"molecular":[33],"association":[34],"between":[35],"and":[37,63,88,116,133,136,167,234,242],"RHD":[38,60,216,233],"was":[39,54,165,171,212],"investigated":[40],"outcome.":[46],"METHODS":[47],"AND":[48],"RESULTS:":[49],"Class":[50],"allele/haplotype":[52],"distribution":[53],"determined":[55],"2":[57],"groups":[58],"(n=88)":[62],"a":[64,205],"control":[65],"group":[66],"(n=59).":[67],"Patients":[68],"were":[69,139],"divided":[70],"into":[71],"the":[72,89,145,151,157,168,174,201,209,215],"mitral":[73,81,86,104],"valve":[74,105],"(MVD)":[76],"category":[77,109],"(ie,":[78],"those":[79],"regurgitation":[82],"or":[84,230],"without":[85],"stenosis)":[87],"multivalvular":[90],"lesions":[91],"(MVL)":[92],"category,":[93],"impairment":[95],"aortic":[97],"tricuspid":[99],"valves":[100],"addition":[102],"damage.":[106],"MVD":[108,158],"(n=65)":[110],"accounted":[111],"for":[112],"74%":[113],"included":[117],"significantly":[118],"fewer":[119],"recurrent":[120],"RF":[121],"episodes":[122],"compared":[123],"MVL":[125,146],"(P=0.002).":[127],"CONCLUSIONS:":[128],"Significant":[129],"increases":[130],"DRB1*0701":[132],"DQA1*0201":[134],"alleles":[135,180,188,194],"DRB1*0701-DQA1*0201":[137],"haplotypes":[138],"found":[140],"patients.":[142],"Removal":[143],"from":[148,173,232],"analysis":[149],"increased":[150],"strength":[152],"among":[156],"sample.":[159,217],"frequency":[161],"DQA1*0103":[163],"allele":[164,170],"decreased":[166],"DQB1*0603":[169],"absent":[172,213],"patient":[175],"group,":[176],"suggesting":[177],"that":[178,221,235],"these":[179,236],"confer":[182],"protective":[183],"effects":[184],"against":[185],"RHD.":[186],"DQ":[187],"linkage":[190],"disequilibrium":[191],"DR":[193],"appear":[195,238],"influence":[197],"risk/protection":[198],"effect:":[199],"whereas":[200],"DRB1*13-DQA1*0501-3-DQB1*0301":[202],"haplotype":[203,211],"showed":[204],"trend":[206],"toward":[207],"risk,":[208],"DRB1*13-DQA1*0103-DQB1*0603":[210],"Our":[218],"data":[219],"indicate":[220],"certain":[222],"alleles/haplotypes":[225],"are":[226],"associated":[227],"risk":[229],"protection":[231],"be":[240],"stronger":[241],"more":[243,251],"consistent":[244],"when":[245],"analyzed":[246],"relatively":[250],"homogeneous":[252],"manifestations.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}