{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084866176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.502379","title":"Beam steering by combing two binary-phase-modulated FLC SLMs","display_name":"Beam steering by combing two binary-phase-modulated FLC SLMs","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084866176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.502379","mag":"2084866176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.502379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.502379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.502379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103416115","display_name":"David Engstr\u00f6m","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Engstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers Univ. of Technology (Sweden)","Chalmers University of Technology SWEDEN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers Univ. of Technology (Sweden)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology SWEDEN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109872979","display_name":"Sverker H\u00e5rd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sverker Hard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers Univ. of Technology (Sweden)","Chalmers University of Technology SWEDEN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers Univ. of Technology (Sweden)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology SWEDEN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049263029","display_name":"Per G. Rudquist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-9617","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-9617"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Per Rudquist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers Univ. of Technology (Sweden)","Chalmers University of Technology SWEDEN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers Univ. of Technology (Sweden)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology SWEDEN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014234723","display_name":"Koen D\u2019hav\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-9241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-9241"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koen D'have","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers Univ. of Technology (Sweden)","Chalmers University of Technology SWEDEN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers Univ. of Technology (Sweden)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology SWEDEN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073613447","display_name":"T. Matuszczyk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Matuszczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["FLC Electronics AB (Sweden)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FLC Electronics AB (Sweden)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050003371","display_name":"Marek \u0160kere\u0148","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek Skeren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Czech Technical Univ. in Prague (Czech Republic)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Czech Technical Univ. in Prague (Czech Republic)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053737980","display_name":"Bj\u00f6rn L\u00f6fving","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjorn Lofving","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imego AB (Sweden)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imego AB (Sweden)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"5181","issue":null,"first_page":"132","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9169999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9169999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.022700000554323196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10306","display_name":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","score":0.021800000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"beam steering","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferroelectric-liquid-crystals","display_name":"ferroelectric liquid crystals","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-light-modulator","display_name":"spatial light modulator","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-phase-modulation","display_name":"binary phase modulation","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherent-imaging","display_name":"coherent imaging","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-tracking","display_name":"beam tracking","score":0.503000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.8286004662513733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7440661787986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778952367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491532","display_name":"Combing","level":2,"score":0.7083516716957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.6599487662315369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5781718492507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5664844512939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5549232363700867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777903624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477653","display_name":"Spatial light modulator","level":2,"score":0.5416233539581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13274807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203989","display_name":"Liquid crystal","level":2,"score":0.5146194696426392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.5057361125946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.48115551471710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4599645733833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3010912537574768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.502379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.502379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.502379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2573035906","https://openalex.org/W2169420842","https://openalex.org/W2168809216","https://openalex.org/W231824280","https://openalex.org/W4321264087","https://openalex.org/W2092493316","https://openalex.org/W2167125773","https://openalex.org/W2059385440","https://openalex.org/W1976502020","https://openalex.org/W1994917449"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ferroelectric":[0],"Liquid":[1],"Crystal":[2],"(FLC)":[3],"Spatial":[4],"Light":[5],"Modulators":[6],"(SLMs)":[7],"are":[8,20],"attractive":[9],"because":[10],"of":[11,23,38,98,113],"their":[12],"high":[13,75],"switching":[14],"speed.":[15],"However,":[16],"conventional":[17],"FLC":[18,54,67,72],"SLMs":[19,55],"only":[21],"capable":[22],"binary":[24],"phase":[25,80],"modulation.":[26],"This":[27],"is":[28,42],"inconvenient":[29],"for":[30,125],"beam":[31,101,115,118],"steering":[32,86,119],"since":[33],"as":[34,36],"much":[35],"60%":[37],"the":[39,90,99,114],"incident":[40],"power":[41],"lost":[43],"to":[44,104],"unwanted":[45],"diffraction":[46],"orders.":[47],"To":[48],"overcome":[49],"this":[50,59],"problem":[51],"two":[52],"cascaded":[53],"were":[56],"used":[57,124],"in":[58,89],"work.":[60],"By":[61],"coherently":[62],"imaging":[63],"a":[64,70],"180\u00b0":[65],"binary-phase":[66],"SLM":[68],"onto":[69],"90\u00b0":[71],"SLM,":[73],"with":[74],"precision,":[76],"an":[77],"effective":[78],"four-level":[79],"modulator":[81],"was":[82,87,102],"realized":[83],"experimentally.":[84],"Beam":[85],"demonstrated":[88],"angular":[91,96],"range":[92],"\u00b110.9":[93],"mrad.":[94],"The":[95,117],"inaccuracy":[97],"steered":[100],"found":[103],"be":[105],"about":[106,111],"0.1":[107],"mrad,":[108],"which":[109],"equals":[110],"25%":[112],"diameter.":[116],"device":[120],"has":[121],"also":[122],"been":[123],"tracking":[126],"experiments.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}