{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084409666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00075.x","title":"Liposomes as Carriers of Peptide Antigens: Induction of Antibodies and Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes to Conjugated and Unconjugated Peptides","display_name":"Liposomes as Carriers of Peptide Antigens: Induction of Antibodies and Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes to Conjugated and Unconjugated Peptides","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084409666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00075.x","mag":"2084409666","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7590830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00075.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00075.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00075.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133112385","display_name":"Immunological Reviews","issn_l":"0105-2896","issn":["0105-2896","1600-065X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunological Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081447023","display_name":"Richard Carl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92664306","display_name":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0145znz58","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106965489","https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802581893","https://openalex.org/I92664306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carl, R. Alving","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Membrane Biochemistry. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Washington. DC 20307-5100"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Membrane Biochemistry. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Washington. DC 20307-5100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92664306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035187140","display_name":"Vladimir Koulchin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92664306","display_name":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0145znz58","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106965489","https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802581893","https://openalex.org/I92664306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Koulchin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Membrane Biochemistry. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Washington. DC 20307-5100","Med Immune, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Membrane Biochemistry. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Washington. DC 20307-5100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92664306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Med Immune, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032295889","display_name":"Gregory M. Glenn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2030-8665","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2030-8665"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92664306","display_name":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0145znz58","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106965489","https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802581893","https://openalex.org/I92664306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory M. Glenn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Membrane Biochemistry. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Washington. DC 20307-5100"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Membrane Biochemistry. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Washington. DC 20307-5100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92664306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102135500","display_name":"Manuala Rao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92664306","display_name":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0145znz58","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106965489","https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802581893","https://openalex.org/I92664306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuala Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Membrane Biochemistry. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Washington. DC 20307-5100"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Membrane Biochemistry. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Washington. DC 20307-5100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92664306"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081447023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92664306"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":134,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69806094,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"145","issue":"1","first_page":"5","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12576","display_name":"vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10911","display_name":"Chemical Synthesis and Analysis","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liposomes","display_name":"liposomes","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peptide-antigens","display_name":"peptide antigens","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-a","display_name":"lipid A","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjuvants","display_name":"adjuvants","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxic-t-lymphocytes","display_name":"cytotoxic T lymphocytes","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody-induction","display_name":"antibody induction","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen-presentation","display_name":"antigen presentation","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mhc-class-i-and-ii","display_name":"MHC class I and II","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen-conjugation","display_name":"antigen conjugation","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-delivery","display_name":"vaccine delivery","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epitopes","display_name":"antigenic determinants","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.7444469928741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779281246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172847","display_name":"Peptide","level":2,"score":0.6368638277053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.614505410194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.5931663513183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.48870256543159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112613896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898370","display_name":"Conjugated system","level":3,"score":0.4703158438205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.45945531129837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2935274839401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.22535237669944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.16364634037017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000911","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Monoclonal","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004337","descriptor_name":"Drug Carriers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008081","descriptor_name":"Liposomes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013602","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00075.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00075.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00075.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133112385","display_name":"Immunological Reviews","issn_l":"0105-2896","issn":["0105-2896","1600-065X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunological Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7590830","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7590830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunological reviews","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W386664529","https://openalex.org/W1205711613","https://openalex.org/W1444462873","https://openalex.org/W1521518192","https://openalex.org/W1562306078","https://openalex.org/W1562563051","https://openalex.org/W1758721473","https://openalex.org/W1781631981","https://openalex.org/W1799621504","https://openalex.org/W1857197615","https://openalex.org/W1910826394","https://openalex.org/W1912756766","https://openalex.org/W1954320464","https://openalex.org/W1967600699","https://openalex.org/W1969749395","https://openalex.org/W1970874780","https://openalex.org/W1977437107","https://openalex.org/W1979086541","https://openalex.org/W1981942683","https://openalex.org/W1983419119","https://openalex.org/W1985774274","https://openalex.org/W1987016173","https://openalex.org/W1995710115","https://openalex.org/W2004103970","https://openalex.org/W2004691976","https://openalex.org/W2006171076","https://openalex.org/W2007081564","https://openalex.org/W2014042634","https://openalex.org/W2016616332","https://openalex.org/W2018269879","https://openalex.org/W2018945366","https://openalex.org/W2021917303","https://openalex.org/W2023021255","https://openalex.org/W2023871112","https://openalex.org/W2027211023","https://openalex.org/W2028311024","https://openalex.org/W2029698647","https://openalex.org/W2030520158","https://openalex.org/W2031600268","https://openalex.org/W2033090330","https://openalex.org/W2040498891","https://openalex.org/W2051144763","https://openalex.org/W2051178525","https://openalex.org/W2054958558","https://openalex.org/W2060986011","https://openalex.org/W2065193204","https://openalex.org/W2069939941","https://openalex.org/W2072034592","https://openalex.org/W2073883965","https://openalex.org/W2073972879","https://openalex.org/W2074061180","https://openalex.org/W2077168567","https://openalex.org/W2077685056","https://openalex.org/W2078791944","https://openalex.org/W2079720958","https://openalex.org/W2080477691","https://openalex.org/W2080897471","https://openalex.org/W2081217040","https://openalex.org/W2087804862","https://openalex.org/W2095369948","https://openalex.org/W2097349706","https://openalex.org/W2108906905","https://openalex.org/W2131506038","https://openalex.org/W2139274056","https://openalex.org/W2144761873","https://openalex.org/W2146749940","https://openalex.org/W2149038808","https://openalex.org/W2149464124","https://openalex.org/W2149570112","https://openalex.org/W2150745170","https://openalex.org/W2196099160","https://openalex.org/W2199882662","https://openalex.org/W2323969141","https://openalex.org/W2328461465","https://openalex.org/W2400262369","https://openalex.org/W2419439400","https://openalex.org/W2597582116","https://openalex.org/W4253155617"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983222052","https://openalex.org/W2008497191","https://openalex.org/W2087620509","https://openalex.org/W1981942683","https://openalex.org/W2030520158","https://openalex.org/W2163171028","https://openalex.org/W1553998788","https://openalex.org/W2010667111","https://openalex.org/W2173036288","https://openalex.org/W1980118001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,29,47,168,174,177,186,230],"quest":[2],"for":[3,28,38,82,99,111,121,147,208,246],"effective":[4,97,237],"immunization":[5],"against":[6,46,151],"complex":[7],"diseases":[8],"such":[9],"as":[10,96,144,236],"cancer,":[11],"parasitic":[12],"diseases,":[13],"AIDS,":[14],"and":[15,21,34,36,41,67,79,105,117,125,139,190,250],"other":[16],"viral":[17],"infections,":[18],"numerous":[19],"peptides":[20,104,164],"recombinant":[22],"proteins":[23,106],"have":[24],"been":[25],"synthesized,":[26],"examined":[27],"ability":[30],"to":[31,107,135,195,229],"induce":[32],"antibodies":[33,85,126,189,249],"CTLs,":[35],"tested":[37],"binding":[39],"capability":[40],"therapeutic":[42],"or":[43,51,69,102,162,221,226],"prophylactic":[44],"efficacy":[45],"original":[48],"target":[49],"cell":[50],"organism.":[52],"A":[53,133,245],"liposome":[54],"formulation,":[55],"consisting":[56],"of":[57,77,84,123,149,159,170,176,188,202,210,232,248],"alum-adsorbed":[58],"liposomes":[59,92,178],"containing":[60],"both":[61,184],"a":[62,75,142,223],"potent":[63],"adjuvant,":[64],"lipid":[65,132,224,244],"A,":[66],"encapsulated":[68],"surface":[70,175,200,231],"bound":[71],"antigen,":[72],"has":[73],"had":[74],"record":[76],"safety":[78],"strong":[80],"effectiveness":[81],"induction":[83,122,148,187,209,247],"in":[86,127,185,191,240],"human":[87],"vaccine":[88],"trials.":[89],"These":[90],"same":[91],"can":[93,179],"also":[94],"serve":[95,235],"vehicles":[98],"delivering":[100],"conjugated":[101,228],"unconjugated":[103,161],"antigen":[108,172],"presenting":[109],"cells":[110],"presentation":[112],"via":[113],"MHC":[114],"class":[115,118],"I":[116],"II":[119],"pathways":[120],"CTLs":[124,150],"experimental":[128],"animal":[129],"models.":[130],"Liposomal":[131],"appears":[134],"be":[136,180],"extremely":[137],"important,":[138],"is":[140,205],"often":[141],"requirement,":[143],"an":[145,181],"adjuvant":[146],"liposomal":[152,203,243],"peptide":[153,171,204],"antigens.":[154],"Computer-generated":[155],"molecular":[156],"modelling":[157],"analysis":[158],"small":[160,196,216],"lipid-conjugated":[163],"strongly":[165],"suggests":[166],"that":[167,215],"expression":[169,201],"on":[173],"important":[182],"factor":[183],"determining":[192],"antibody":[193],"specificities":[194],"peptides.":[197],"However,":[198],"antigenic":[199,238],"not":[206],"required":[207],"CTLs.":[211,251],"The":[212],"data":[213],"suggest":[214],"synthetic":[217],"peptides,":[218],"synthesized":[219],"with":[220,242],"without":[222],"tail,":[225],"chemically":[227],"liposomes,":[233],"might":[234],"epitopes,":[239],"combination":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
