{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084096597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181b84a85","title":"Effect of Air Pollution on Marathon Running Performance","display_name":"Effect of Air Pollution on Marathon Running Performance","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084096597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181b84a85","mag":"2084096597","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19952812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181b84a85","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181b84a85","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181b84a85","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14544163","display_name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","issn_l":"0195-9131","issn":["0195-9131","1530-0315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005962572","display_name":"Linsey C. Marr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3628-6891","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3628-6891"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LINSEY C. MARR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. lmarr@vt.edu","Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. lmarr@vt.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060996164","display_name":"Matthew R. Ely","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0618-7078","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0618-7078"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121067369","display_name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00rg6zq05","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106965489","https://openalex.org/I121067369","https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802581893"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MATTHEW R. ELY","raw_affiliation_strings":["US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121067369"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91959725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"3","first_page":"585","last_page":"591"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marathon","display_name":"marathon running","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athletic-performance","display_name":"athletic performance","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particulate-matter","display_name":"particulate matter","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm10","display_name":"PM10","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wet-bulb-globe-temperature","display_name":"wet bulb globe temperature","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ozone","display_name":"ozone","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-dioxide","display_name":"nitrogen dioxide","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfur-dioxide","display_name":"sulfur dioxide","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-monoxide","display_name":"carbon monoxide","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2008-beijing-olympics","display_name":"2008 Beijing Olympics","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-function","display_name":"lung function","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82685317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19829510","display_name":"Pollutant","level":2,"score":0.7636020183563232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.6626756191253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780723490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207895","display_name":"Nitrogen dioxide","level":2,"score":0.6532446146011353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508106653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36933","display_name":"Ozone","level":2,"score":0.631620466709137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6199149489402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987853052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollutants","level":3,"score":0.5646023750305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.5307911038398743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52173716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698350","display_name":"Air pollutant concentrations","level":4,"score":0.49590811133384705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75043328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910009","display_name":"Wet-bulb globe temperature","level":3,"score":0.4933744966983795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780447027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282","display_name":"Sulfur dioxide","level":2,"score":0.46458959579467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.4605734348297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2927666902542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983363897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845339","display_name":"Air temperature","level":2,"score":0.1675143837928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.15739193558692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10729339718818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010807","descriptor_name":"Physical Endurance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012129","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Function Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012420","descriptor_name":"Running","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054874","descriptor_name":"Athletic Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181b84a85","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181b84a85","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181b84a85","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14544163","display_name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","issn_l":"0195-9131","issn":["0195-9131","1530-0315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19952812","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19952812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine and science in sports and exercise","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12950485","https://openalex.org/W85186351","https://openalex.org/W1672820758","https://openalex.org/W1748458748","https://openalex.org/W1812696107","https://openalex.org/W1863214831","https://openalex.org/W1942991250","https://openalex.org/W1963575001","https://openalex.org/W1991249093","https://openalex.org/W2009060176","https://openalex.org/W2022499414","https://openalex.org/W2028820461","https://openalex.org/W2035563171","https://openalex.org/W2039916561","https://openalex.org/W2040004309","https://openalex.org/W2046920780","https://openalex.org/W2051944825","https://openalex.org/W2071549073","https://openalex.org/W2071560435","https://openalex.org/W2072136039","https://openalex.org/W2075716125","https://openalex.org/W2077458832","https://openalex.org/W2080507201","https://openalex.org/W2113371251","https://openalex.org/W2139237754","https://openalex.org/W2152177115","https://openalex.org/W2154721371","https://openalex.org/W2156416414","https://openalex.org/W2164891641","https://openalex.org/W2175548802","https://openalex.org/W2236706575","https://openalex.org/W2256136317","https://openalex.org/W2341292032","https://openalex.org/W2405431716","https://openalex.org/W2406580024","https://openalex.org/W2408365723","https://openalex.org/W2944921930","https://openalex.org/W6690235963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204658028","https://openalex.org/W3168551438","https://openalex.org/W7204712793","https://openalex.org/W4405483190","https://openalex.org/W4318911868","https://openalex.org/W3021288175","https://openalex.org/W2582931363","https://openalex.org/W3196285061","https://openalex.org/W4283325588","https://openalex.org/W571037369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"UNLABELLED:":[0],"Before":[1],"the":[2,16,39,134],"2008":[3],"Olympic":[4],"Games,":[5],"there":[6],"was":[7,153,158,234,284],"concern":[8],"that":[9,38,49],"air":[10,53,77,91,103,112,140,169,262],"pollution":[11,263],"in":[12,99,238,248,279],"Beijing":[13],"would":[14],"affect":[15,276],"performance":[17,31,87,100,151,162,230,239,250,288],"of":[18,42,50,69,172,240,261,289],"marathon":[19,25,64,291],"runners.":[20,292],"Air":[21],"pollutant":[22,78,113,141,170],"concentrations":[23,79,114,171,260],"during":[24,81,265],"running":[26],"and":[27,93,111,127,137,143,155,186,219,272],"their":[28],"effect":[29],"on":[30],"have":[32],"not":[33],"been":[34],"reported.":[35],"Evidence":[36],"suggests":[37],"lung":[40,277],"function":[41,278],"females":[43],"may":[44],"be":[45,252],"more":[46],"susceptible":[47],"than":[48,179],"males":[51],"to":[52,62,73,102,160,192,197,202,209,216,222,254,275],"pollution,":[54],"but":[55],"it":[56],"is":[57],"uncertain":[58],"if":[59],"this":[60,70],"translates":[61],"decreased":[63],"performance.":[65],"PURPOSE:":[66],"The":[67,123,168,259],"purposes":[68],"study":[71],"were":[72,115,131],"1)":[74],"describe":[75],"ambient":[76],"present":[80,264],"major":[82],"US":[83],"marathons,":[84],"2)":[85],"quantify":[86,161],"decrements":[88,163,237],"associated":[89,164,235],"with":[90,133,139,165,236,287],"pollutants,":[92],"3)":[94],"examine":[95],"potential":[96],"sex":[97],"difference":[98],"related":[101],"pollutants.":[104,166],"METHODS:":[105],"Marathon":[106],"race":[107],"results,":[108],"weather":[109],"data,":[110],"obtained":[116],"for":[117,120,228],"seven":[118],"marathons":[119,266],"8-28":[121],"yr.":[122],"top":[124],"three":[125],"male":[126],"female":[128],"finishing":[129],"times":[130],"compared":[132],"course":[135],"record":[136],"contrasted":[138],"levels":[142,273],"wet":[144],"bulb":[145],"globe":[146],"temperature":[147],"(WBGT).":[148],"A":[149],"WBGT-adjusted":[150],"decrement":[152],"calculated,":[154],"regression":[156],"analysis":[157],"used":[159],"RESULTS:":[167],"carbon":[173],"monoxide,":[174],"ozone,":[175],"particulate":[176],"matter":[177],"smaller":[178],"10":[180],"microm":[181],"(PM(10)),":[182],"PM(2.5),":[183],"nitrogen":[184],"dioxide,":[185],"sulfur":[187],"dioxide":[188],"ranged":[189],"from":[190,195,200,207,214,220],"0":[191,196,215,221],"5.9":[193],"ppm,":[194,199,218,224],"0.07":[198],"4.5":[201],"41.0":[203],"microg":[204,211],"x":[205,212,245],"m(-3),":[206,213],"2.8":[208],"42.0":[210],"0.06":[217],"0.05":[223],"respectively.":[225],"After":[226],"adjusting":[227],"WBGT-associated":[229],"decrements,":[231],"only":[232],"PM(10)":[233,283],"women.":[241],"For":[242],"every":[243],"10-microg":[244],"m(-3)":[246],"increase":[247],"PM(10),":[249],"can":[251],"expected":[253],"decrease":[255],"by":[256],"1.4%.":[257],"CONCLUSIONS:":[258],"rarely":[267],"exceed":[268],"health-based":[269],"national":[270],"standards":[271],"known":[274],"laboratory":[280],"situations.":[281],"Regardless,":[282],"significantly":[285],"correlated":[286],"women":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
