{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084028447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/305515","title":"Weak Lensing and Cosmology","display_name":"Weak Lensing and Cosmology","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084028447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/305515","mag":"2084028447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/305515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/305515","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/305515","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/305515/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/305515/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nick Kaiser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nick Kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I1331384533"],"apc_list":{"value":4499,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4499},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.2262,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":409,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99427739,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"498","issue":"1","first_page":"26","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.02539999969303608,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11090","display_name":"Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weak-gravitational-lensing","display_name":"weak gravitational lensing","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-background","display_name":"cosmic background","score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bulk-flow","display_name":"bulk flow","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galaxy-clusters","display_name":"galaxy clusters","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-density","display_name":"critical density","score":0.8709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9581000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190670322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13073796","display_name":"Weak gravitational lensing","level":4,"score":0.7638999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.7419000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33024259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250","display_name":"Redshift","level":3,"score":0.7192999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.6739000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.670799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38437897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7624558","display_name":"Strong gravitational lensing","level":5,"score":0.4797999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159249277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79925","display_name":"Dark matter","level":2,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126320844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153477","display_name":"Cold dark matter","level":3,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138125448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17018930","display_name":"Gravitational lensing formalism","level":5,"score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172790937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18343","display_name":"Dark energy","level":3,"score":0.4083000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166126730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725309","display_name":"Planck","level":2,"score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2998314","display_name":"Observational cosmology","level":4,"score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207297109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15605","display_name":"Cosmic microwave background","level":3,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781419962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6789742","display_name":"Matter power spectrum","level":4,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192975764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1253791","display_name":"Peculiar velocity","level":4,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184665706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186310","display_name":"Halo","level":3,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68498078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185243","display_name":"Gravitational lens","level":4,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156055797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204107","display_name":"Galaxy cluster","level":3,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993021520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175199","display_name":"Sample variance","level":3,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778974888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24977209","display_name":"Fluctuation spectrum","level":2,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159197713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169119","display_name":"Redshift-space distortions","level":5,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166861157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59151","display_name":"Cosmological constant","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177272240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935817","display_name":"Redshift survey","level":4,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780974285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3967221","display_name":"Photometric redshift","level":4,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84999194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1","display_name":"Universe","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/305515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/305515","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/305515","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/305515/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/9610120","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9610120","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9610120","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:312967","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/312967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9610120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9610120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9610120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/305515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/305515","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/305515","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/305515/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2084028447.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2084028447.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135885528","https://openalex.org/W1599376543","https://openalex.org/W1971756772","https://openalex.org/W1973306210","https://openalex.org/W1973368884","https://openalex.org/W1981707048","https://openalex.org/W1981877040","https://openalex.org/W1988738216","https://openalex.org/W1990388048","https://openalex.org/W1997516238","https://openalex.org/W1997588548","https://openalex.org/W2000023192","https://openalex.org/W2003147434","https://openalex.org/W2009053939","https://openalex.org/W2010677644","https://openalex.org/W2011736583","https://openalex.org/W2012305318","https://openalex.org/W2013968949","https://openalex.org/W2021719201","https://openalex.org/W2022003150","https://openalex.org/W2025297464","https://openalex.org/W2027161499","https://openalex.org/W2030271919","https://openalex.org/W2037382201","https://openalex.org/W2039254020","https://openalex.org/W2042485829","https://openalex.org/W2045698232","https://openalex.org/W2053958534","https://openalex.org/W2056463779","https://openalex.org/W2057504741","https://openalex.org/W2063035334","https://openalex.org/W2069970095","https://openalex.org/W2074005806","https://openalex.org/W2078559553","https://openalex.org/W2081851497","https://openalex.org/W2082892318","https://openalex.org/W2083061716","https://openalex.org/W2085387831","https://openalex.org/W2088111938","https://openalex.org/W2090133063","https://openalex.org/W2094993922","https://openalex.org/W2106002129","https://openalex.org/W2128759530","https://openalex.org/W2134052021","https://openalex.org/W2140398358","https://openalex.org/W2142030160","https://openalex.org/W2150681584","https://openalex.org/W2154824948","https://openalex.org/W2171579170","https://openalex.org/W2949583778","https://openalex.org/W3124916785","https://openalex.org/W7093529207","https://openalex.org/W7100698269"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7101054147","https://openalex.org/W3084165892","https://openalex.org/W7100698269","https://openalex.org/W1572901142","https://openalex.org/W7095990942","https://openalex.org/W589392002","https://openalex.org/W52374538","https://openalex.org/W2616221332","https://openalex.org/W7096761062","https://openalex.org/W1669384530"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,12,38,198],"explore":[1],"the":[2,9,15,21,26,29,52,88,103,112,146,161,200,203,227,237,240,245,259],"dependence":[3],"of":[4,25,32,54,94,176,205,239,251],"weak":[5,211],"lensing":[6,212],"phenomena":[7],"on":[8,258],"background":[10,162],"cosmology.":[11,163,260],"first":[13],"generalize":[14],"relation":[16],"between":[17],"P":[18,41,55,95],"\u03c8":[19,42,56,96],"(\u03c9),":[20],"angular":[22],"power":[23,30],"spectrum":[24,31],"distortion,":[27],"and":[28,68],"density":[33,66,229],"fluctuations":[34],"to":[35,86,102,118,142,160,193,210,244],"nonflat":[36],"cosmologies.":[37],"then":[39,130],"compute":[40],"for":[43,111,149,218],"various":[44],"illustrative":[45],"models.":[46,72],"A":[47],"useful":[48],"cosmological":[49,89],"discriminator":[50],"is":[51,61,98,157,191,230,253],"growth":[53],"with":[57,121,178],"source":[58],"redshift,":[59],"which":[60],"much":[62,135],"stronger":[63,136],"in":[64,70,233],"low-matter":[65],"models":[67,132],"especially":[69],"\u039b-dominated":[71],"With":[73],"even":[74],"crude":[75],"redshift":[76],"information":[77],"(say":[78],"from":[79],"broadband":[80],"colors),":[81],"it":[82],"should":[83],"be":[84,169],"possible":[85],"constrain":[87],"world":[90],"model.":[91],"The":[92,164],"amplitude":[93],"(\u03c9)":[97],"also":[99],"quite":[100],"sensitive":[101],"cosmology,":[104],"but":[105,188,235],"requires":[106],"a":[107,134,172,179],"reliable":[108],"external":[109],"normalization":[110],"mass":[113],"fluctuations.":[114],"If":[115],"one":[116,140],"normalizes":[117,141],"galaxy":[119,128],"clustering,":[120],"M":[122],"/":[123],"L":[124],"fixed":[125],"by":[126,213],"small-scale":[127],"dynamics,":[129],"low-density":[131],"predict":[133],"distortion.":[137],"If,":[138],"however,":[139],"large-scale":[143],"bulk":[144],"flows,":[145],"predicted":[147,166],"distortion":[148],"sources":[150],"at":[151,171],"redshifts":[152,221],"Z":[153,223],"s":[154],"~":[155],"1-3":[156],"rather":[158],"insensitive":[159],"signals":[165],"here":[167],"can":[168],"detected":[170],"very":[173,255],"high":[174,219],"level":[175],"significance":[177],"photometric":[180],"survey":[181],"covering,":[182],"say,":[183],"10":[184],"deg":[185],"2":[186],",":[187],"sparse":[189],"sampling":[190,196],"needed":[192],"avoid":[194],"large":[195],"variance.":[197],"discuss":[199],"factors":[201],"influencing":[202],"design":[204],"an":[206],"optimum":[207],"survey.":[208],"Turning":[209],"clusters,":[214],"we":[215],"find":[216],"that":[217,236],"lens":[220],"(":[222],"l":[224],"\u2243":[225],"1)":[226],"critical":[228],"substantially":[231],"reduced":[232],"\u039b-models,":[234],"ratio":[238],"shear":[241],"or":[242,248],"convergence":[243],"velocity":[246],"dispersions":[247],"X-ray":[249],"temperature":[250],"clusters":[252],"only":[254],"weakly":[256],"dependent":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
