{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083435286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1988.tb00259.x","title":"A NOTE ON THE AGGREGATION BIAS IN CURRENT PROCEDURES FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF TRADE BARRIERS","display_name":"A NOTE ON THE AGGREGATION BIAS IN CURRENT PROCEDURES FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF TRADE BARRIERS","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083435286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1988.tb00259.x","mag":"2083435286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-8586.1988.tb00259.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1988.tb00259.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1988.tb00259.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170913539","display_name":"Bulletin of Economic Research","issn_l":"0307-3378","issn":["0307-3378","1467-8586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of Economic Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006232852","display_name":"Samuel Laird","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271075","display_name":"United Nations Conference on Trade and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01tt7eg66","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271075"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Laird","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNCTAD, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNCTAD, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008281080","display_name":"Alexander J. Yeats","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-8418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-8418"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271075","display_name":"United Nations Conference on Trade and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01tt7eg66","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271075"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Yeats","raw_affiliation_strings":["Economic Affairs Officers, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Secretariat. We have profited from discussions with Dr Alfred Maizels on some of the technical issues involved in this study","UNCTAD, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economic Affairs Officers, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Secretariat. We have profited from discussions with Dr Alfred Maizels on some of the technical issues involved in this study","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNCTAD, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271075"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9065,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92696435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"2","first_page":"133","last_page":"143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12428","display_name":"Global Trade and Competitiveness","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregation-bias","display_name":"aggregation bias","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-barriers","display_name":"trade barriers","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tariffs","display_name":"tariffs","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-tariff-barriers","display_name":"non-tariff barriers","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-weights","display_name":"trade weights","score":0.7720000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7711549997329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.6794240474700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.6721488833427429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776060655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52389","display_name":"Tariff","level":2,"score":0.6648659110069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.40212956070899963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-8586.1988.tb00259.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1988.tb00259.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1988.tb00259.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170913539","display_name":"Bulletin of Economic Research","issn_l":"0307-3378","issn":["0307-3378","1467-8586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of Economic Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575246840","https://openalex.org/W1980006388","https://openalex.org/W2018980535","https://openalex.org/W2054468280","https://openalex.org/W2317680852","https://openalex.org/W2327327092","https://openalex.org/W2327882805","https://openalex.org/W2500409073","https://openalex.org/W4234820729","https://openalex.org/W4300108619"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921831564","https://openalex.org/W2525505736","https://openalex.org/W2088904943","https://openalex.org/W1967671901","https://openalex.org/W2057489081","https://openalex.org/W1490698708","https://openalex.org/W3118574021","https://openalex.org/W2344676387","https://openalex.org/W1570531866","https://openalex.org/W6944814179"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"For":[1],"purposes":[2],"ranging":[3],"from":[4],"practical":[5],"commercial":[6],"policy":[7],"matters":[8],"to":[9,22,49,70],"the":[10,31,66,71,74,77,83,97,117],"testing":[11],"of":[12,99,116],"theoretical":[13],"trade":[14,50,89],"models,":[15],"economists":[16],"have":[17],"utilized":[18],"aggregate":[19],"data":[20],"relating":[21,48],"tariffs":[23,79],"and":[24,108],"non\u2010tariff":[25],"barriers":[26],"(NTBs)":[27],"across":[28],"countries.":[29],"However,":[30],"statistics":[32],"employed":[33],"in":[34,65],"these":[35],"analyses":[36],"are":[37,44],"generally":[38],"derived":[39],"using":[40],"aggregation":[41],"procedures":[42],"which":[43],"based":[45],"on":[46],"weights":[47],"that":[51,59,73,112],"occurs":[52],"under":[53],"restrictions.":[54],"While":[55],"it":[56],"is":[57,93],"recognized":[58],"this":[60,100],"approach":[61],"incorporates":[62],"a":[63],"bias":[64],"resulting":[67],"averages,":[68],"due":[69],"fact":[72],"products":[75],"facing":[76],"highest":[78],"or":[80],"NTBs":[81],"enter":[82],"calculation":[84],"with":[85],"relatively":[86],"low":[87],"(actual)":[88],"weights,":[90],"little":[91],"information":[92],"available":[94],"for":[95],"quantifying":[96],"magnitude":[98],"bias.":[101],"This":[102],"study":[103],"provides":[104],"such":[105],"empirical":[106],"evidence":[107],"also":[109],"proposes":[110],"indices":[111],"overcome":[113],"some":[114],"shortcomings":[115],"traditional":[118],"measures.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
