{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083257538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/40733(147)64","title":"Effects of Breakwater Reflections on Local Sea Steepness and Navigation","display_name":"Effects of Breakwater Reflections on Local Sea Steepness and Navigation","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083257538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/40733(147)64","mag":"2083257538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/40733(147)64","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/40733(147)64","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/40733(147)64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523867","display_name":"Coastal Structures International Conference (CSt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Coastal Structures 2003","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073432245","display_name":"Robert Abernethy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802260906","display_name":"HR Wallingford","ror":"https://ror.org/00nxna028","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. M. Abernethy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group Manager, Ports & Ships Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","Hydrodynamics & Metocean Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","Visiting Professor, University of Southampton; Technical Director, Coastal Structures, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","Visiting Researcher, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group Manager, Ports & Ships Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydrodynamics & Metocean Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting Professor, University of Southampton; Technical Director, Coastal Structures, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906","https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting Researcher, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001938857","display_name":"N. W. H. Allsop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2899-521X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2899-521X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802260906","display_name":"HR Wallingford","ror":"https://ror.org/00nxna028","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. W. H. Allsop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group Manager, Ports & Ships Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","Hydrodynamics & Metocean Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","Visiting Professor, University of Southampton; Technical Director, Coastal Structures, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","Visiting Researcher, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","Technical Director, Coastal Structures, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group Manager, Ports & Ships Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydrodynamics & Metocean Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting Professor, University of Southampton; Technical Director, Coastal Structures, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906","https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting Researcher, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Director, Coastal Structures, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038348009","display_name":"N. Poisson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802260906","display_name":"HR Wallingford","ror":"https://ror.org/00nxna028","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Poisson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group Manager, Ports & Ships Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","Hydrodynamics & Metocean Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","Visiting Professor, University of Southampton; Technical Director, Coastal Structures, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","Visiting Researcher, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group Manager, Ports & Ships Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydrodynamics & Metocean Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting Professor, University of Southampton; Technical Director, Coastal Structures, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906","https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting Researcher, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109500978","display_name":"M. W. McBride","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802260906","display_name":"HR Wallingford","ror":"https://ror.org/00nxna028","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. W. McBride","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group Manager, Ports & Ships Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","Hydrodynamics & Metocean Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","Visiting Professor, University of Southampton; Technical Director, Coastal Structures, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","Visiting Researcher, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","Group Manager, Ports & Ships Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group Manager, Ports & Ships Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydrodynamics & Metocean Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting Professor, University of Southampton; Technical Director, Coastal Structures, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906","https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting Researcher, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group Manager, Ports & Ships Group, HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15179856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"777","last_page":"788"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.029100000858306885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11604","display_name":"Ship Hydrodynamics and Maneuverability","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ship-safety","display_name":"ship safety","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-state","display_name":"sea state","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ports","display_name":"ports","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coastal-structures","display_name":"coastal structures","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-reflection","display_name":"wave reflection","score":0.32600000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25282124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215635","display_name":"Breakwater","level":2,"score":0.965483546257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176809094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15401496","display_name":"Traverse","level":2,"score":0.8470544815063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190839683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197","display_name":"Train","level":2,"score":0.6658571362495422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779732396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2207288","display_name":"Craft","level":2,"score":0.5936168432235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5201656818389893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.5183069109916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781147146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569795","display_name":"Sea state","level":2,"score":0.48288607597351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.358212947845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33424535393714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.2539786696434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.14385318756103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1351742148399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/40733(147)64","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/40733(147)64","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/40733(147)64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523867","display_name":"Coastal Structures International Conference (CSt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Coastal Structures 2003","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2322718437","https://openalex.org/W2329770812","https://openalex.org/W1846508159","https://openalex.org/W2297608071","https://openalex.org/W3189575713","https://openalex.org/W2320734551","https://openalex.org/W2800999743","https://openalex.org/W3088373168","https://openalex.org/W2620789642","https://openalex.org/W2761873397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"considers":[2],"effects":[3],"of":[4,21,27,38],"waves":[5],"reflected":[6],"from":[7],"breakwaters":[8,51],"on":[9],"small":[10,22,69],"vessels":[11,23],"near":[12],"or":[13,52],"entering":[14],"harbours.":[15],"The":[16],"implications":[17,64],"for":[18,61,65],"the":[19,36,39,63],"safety":[20,67],"navigating":[24],"in":[25,42],"regions":[26],"crossing":[28],"wave":[29],"trains":[30],"are":[31,47,56,59],"discussed.":[32],"Studies":[33],"to":[34],"examine":[35],"nature":[37],"sea":[40],"state":[41],"areas":[43],"where":[44],"such":[45,73],"conditions":[46],"created":[48],"by":[49],"reflective":[50],"other":[53],"coastal":[54],"structures":[55],"summarised.":[57],"Recommendations":[58],"provided":[60],"considering":[62],"vessel":[66],"when":[68],"craft":[70],"must":[71],"traverse":[72],"areas.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}