{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083171311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/52.2.281","title":"Image Ads and Issue Ads in U.S. Presidential Advertising: Using Videostyle to Explore Stylistic Differences in Televised Political Ads From 1952 to 2000","display_name":"Image Ads and Issue Ads in U.S. Presidential Advertising: Using Videostyle to Explore Stylistic Differences in Televised Political Ads From 1952 to 2000","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083171311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/52.2.281","mag":"2083171311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/joc/52.2.281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/52.2.281","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/52.2.281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107737141","display_name":"Journal of Communication","issn_l":"0021-9916","issn":["0021-9916","1460-2466"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032980594","display_name":"Anne Johnston","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Johnston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anne Johnston is an associate professor in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anne Johnston is an associate professor in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110473354","display_name":"Lynda Lee Kaid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lynda Lee Kaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lynda Lee Kaid is professor of telecommunication and senior associate dean in the College of Journalism and Communications at the University of Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lynda Lee Kaid is professor of telecommunication and senior associate dean in the College of Journalism and Communications at the University of Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4235,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4235},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.2443,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":129,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98930442,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"2","first_page":"281","last_page":"300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11982","display_name":"Rhetoric and Communication Studies","score":0.4961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11982","display_name":"Rhetoric and Communication Studies","score":0.4961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"Media Studies and Communication","score":0.3783999979496002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.07530000060796738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/campaign-rhetoric","display_name":"campaign rhetoric","score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-appeal","display_name":"emotional appeal","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-campaigning","display_name":"negative campaigning","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-communication","display_name":"political communication","score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-elections","display_name":"presidential elections","score":0.42100000381469727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.7760190963745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.7727471590042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.6621466875076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994056279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847301","display_name":"Presidential campaign","level":4,"score":0.5771190524101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776620684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7565144","display_name":"Source credibility","level":3,"score":0.5133082270622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5049818158149719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.4579355716705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329777","display_name":"Appeal","level":2,"score":0.45548880100250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.41846388578414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.4183169901371002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3366696238517761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3010760247707367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.15258032083511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.13070937991142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09089791774749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.07485741376876831}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/joc/52.2.281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/52.2.281","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/52.2.281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107737141","display_name":"Journal of Communication","issn_l":"0021-9916","issn":["0021-9916","1460-2466"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02545.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02545.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02545.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107737141","display_name":"Journal of Communication","issn_l":"0021-9916","issn":["0021-9916","1460-2466"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7200000286102295}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W228423411","https://openalex.org/W432990151","https://openalex.org/W624633739","https://openalex.org/W647840943","https://openalex.org/W649536589","https://openalex.org/W1554609646","https://openalex.org/W1965680380","https://openalex.org/W1979224358","https://openalex.org/W1986509151","https://openalex.org/W1993565857","https://openalex.org/W1999626094","https://openalex.org/W2015098452","https://openalex.org/W2016956718","https://openalex.org/W2028235689","https://openalex.org/W2030371286","https://openalex.org/W2032159607","https://openalex.org/W2046560446","https://openalex.org/W2063875439","https://openalex.org/W2074178831","https://openalex.org/W2087326786","https://openalex.org/W2092589899","https://openalex.org/W2097394759","https://openalex.org/W2099905328","https://openalex.org/W2111679270","https://openalex.org/W2167363977","https://openalex.org/W3093297192","https://openalex.org/W4402871168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099905328","https://openalex.org/W125202343","https://openalex.org/W7056792689","https://openalex.org/W7008860320","https://openalex.org/W2092589899","https://openalex.org/W1986509151","https://openalex.org/W1969416276","https://openalex.org/W2139374188","https://openalex.org/W2007558153","https://openalex.org/W2131944366"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,32,54,65,77,85,94,102,107],"differences":[4,52],"in":[5,12,53,83],"techniques,":[6],"strategies,":[7],"narratives,":[8],"and":[9,16,59,79,97],"symbols":[10],"used":[11],"televised":[13],"issue":[14,41,60,63,123],"ads":[15,18,30,42,58,113,124],"image":[17,44,57,88,128],"from":[19,31],"U.S.":[20,35],"presidential":[21,36],"campaigns.":[22],"A":[23],"content":[24],"analysis":[25],"was":[26],"done":[27],"of":[28,56,109,112,122],"1,213":[29],"past":[33],"13":[34],"elections":[37],"coded":[38],"as":[39,125],"either":[40],"or":[43],"ads.":[45,61,129],"Findings":[46],"indicate":[47],"that":[48],"there":[49],"are":[50,101],"key":[51],"style":[55],"In":[62,87],"ads,":[64,89],"candidate":[66],"tends":[67],"to":[68,76],"speak":[69],"for":[70],"himself,":[71],"appear":[72],"on":[73],"camera":[74],"speaking":[75],"viewer,":[78],"use":[80],"emotional":[81],"language":[82],"making":[84],"appeal.":[86],"an":[90],"anonymous":[91],"announcer":[92],"is":[93],"dominant":[95],"speaker,":[96],"source":[98],"credibility":[99],"appeals":[100,117],"most":[103],"popular":[104],"appeals.":[105],"Although":[106],"majority":[108],"both":[110],"types":[111],"were":[114],"positive,":[115],"negative":[116],"dominated":[118],"a":[119],"higher":[120],"percentage":[121],"compared":[126],"with":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}