{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083106931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00144089","title":"The selection of the ?Survival of the Fittest?","display_name":"The selection of the ?Survival of the Fittest?","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083106931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00144089","mag":"2083106931","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11621725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00144089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00144089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00144089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198798526","display_name":"Journal of the History of Biology","issn_l":"0022-5010","issn":["0022-5010","1573-0387"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the History of Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091583401","display_name":"Diane \u0392. Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-0121","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-0121"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33434090","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Boston","ror":"https://ror.org/04ydmy275","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diane B. Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science, University of Massachusetts at Boston, 02125, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","Department of Political Science, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, University of Massachusetts at Boston, 02125, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091583401"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2539,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90858161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"411","last_page":"424"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.6484000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.6484000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12471","display_name":"History of Science and Natural History","score":0.13369999825954437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.050999999046325684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survival-of-the-fittest","display_name":"survival of the fittest","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-selection","display_name":"natural selection","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charles-darwin","display_name":"Charles Darwin","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbert-spencer","display_name":"Herbert Spencer","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-evolutionary-thought","display_name":"history of evolutionary theory","score":0.6000000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22614528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721322","display_name":"Survival of the fittest","level":2,"score":0.9530898332595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180182882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028964","display_name":"Philosophy of biology","level":3,"score":0.7988501787185669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.7318017482757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85659524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201486","display_name":"History of science","level":2,"score":0.5386306047439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4451926648616791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.42683643102645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53553401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47307","display_name":"Genealogy","level":1,"score":0.3617088198661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3103370666503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.30640241503715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.24900615215301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.23025500774383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21939843893051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12149447202682495}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049711","descriptor_name":"History, Modern 1601-","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049711","descriptor_name":"History, Modern 1601-","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049711","descriptor_name":"History, Modern 1601-","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00144089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00144089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00144089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198798526","display_name":"Journal of the History of Biology","issn_l":"0022-5010","issn":["0022-5010","1573-0387"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the History of Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11621725","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11621725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the history of biology","raw_type":"Biography"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W645218623","https://openalex.org/W1493831303","https://openalex.org/W1497966914","https://openalex.org/W1503763841","https://openalex.org/W1538125563","https://openalex.org/W1549435573","https://openalex.org/W1599192329","https://openalex.org/W1627030629","https://openalex.org/W1889595239","https://openalex.org/W1965941074","https://openalex.org/W1995285792","https://openalex.org/W2004778468","https://openalex.org/W2011009108","https://openalex.org/W2049871294","https://openalex.org/W2077230007","https://openalex.org/W2094951587","https://openalex.org/W2099848577","https://openalex.org/W2107964876","https://openalex.org/W2138355780","https://openalex.org/W2159440094","https://openalex.org/W2326737964","https://openalex.org/W2331030820","https://openalex.org/W2496296713","https://openalex.org/W2499052686","https://openalex.org/W2540730759","https://openalex.org/W2572427743","https://openalex.org/W2797939563","https://openalex.org/W2798777673","https://openalex.org/W4234159890","https://openalex.org/W4244280149","https://openalex.org/W4251622163","https://openalex.org/W4297899606","https://openalex.org/W4301075789","https://openalex.org/W6637921862","https://openalex.org/W6648560326","https://openalex.org/W6812823071","https://openalex.org/W6813370918","https://openalex.org/W6827236907","https://openalex.org/W6838293130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996999578","https://openalex.org/W4386153479","https://openalex.org/W2318143347","https://openalex.org/W2476141110","https://openalex.org/W176596210","https://openalex.org/W2028366757","https://openalex.org/W2990954983","https://openalex.org/W4249649580","https://openalex.org/W1631642979","https://openalex.org/W3117854545"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-02T10:15:12.560889","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
