{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082939744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.728","title":"Living systems theory and social entropy theory","display_name":"Living systems theory and social entropy theory","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082939744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.728","mag":"2082939744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/sres.728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126013225","display_name":"Systems Research and Behavioral Science","issn_l":"1092-7026","issn":["1092-7026","1099-1743"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems Research and Behavioral Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008547009","display_name":"Kenneth D. Bailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3657-2532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3657-2532"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth D. Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008547009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8352,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94340518,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"291","last_page":"300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.48899999260902405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.48899999260902405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14299","display_name":"Complex Systems and Dynamics","score":0.4293999969959259,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12469","display_name":"Chaos, Complexity, and Education","score":0.0272000003606081,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/living-systems-theory","display_name":"living systems theory","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-theory","display_name":"systems theory","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"population","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-systems","display_name":"social systems","score":0.43299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777496998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536587","display_name":"Miller","level":2,"score":0.6487665176391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.54183030128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179133015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639378","display_name":"Social system","level":2,"score":0.5320236682891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.49918103218078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89798329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Systems theory","level":2,"score":0.466347873210907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.4518239200115204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.427074670791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41852734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990987","display_name":"Social theory","level":2,"score":0.4227524697780609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4177249073982239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3773874044418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3624366223812103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2746928930282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20235836505889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17618170380592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.16769170761108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08019649982452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/sres.728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126013225","display_name":"Systems Research and Behavioral Science","issn_l":"1092-7026","issn":["1092-7026","1099-1743"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems Research and Behavioral Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W309647732","https://openalex.org/W636503239","https://openalex.org/W2022554131","https://openalex.org/W2046686944","https://openalex.org/W2329860990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162059759","https://openalex.org/W1994037900","https://openalex.org/W2053195426","https://openalex.org/W2154343941","https://openalex.org/W2255642706","https://openalex.org/W2034675169","https://openalex.org/W2033029868","https://openalex.org/W2045353121","https://openalex.org/W2051709570","https://openalex.org/W2035871460"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Although":[1],"Living":[2],"Systems":[3],"Theory":[4,53,133],"(LST)":[5],"has":[6,29,134],"been":[7,31,90],"widely":[8],"recognized":[9,92],"for":[10],"its":[11,27],"major":[12,60],"contributions":[13,61,81,96],"to":[14,42,47,50,74],"scholarship":[15],"in":[16,21,104],"general":[17],"and":[18,45,128,151,156],"systems":[19,112,123],"theory":[20],"particular,":[22],"the":[23,77,99,106,121,145],"full":[24],"extent":[25],"of":[26,36,62,80,86,101,138,144],"contribution":[28],"never":[30],"explicitly":[32],"presented.":[33],"The":[34,55,141],"purpose":[35],"this":[37],"paper":[38,56,146],"is":[39,65,71],"twofold:":[40],"first":[41,57],"discuss":[43],"LST,":[44],"then":[46],"relate":[48],"it":[49,154],"Social":[51,131,148],"Entropy":[52,132,149],"(SET).":[54],"presents":[58],"20":[59],"LST.":[63,158],"This":[64],"not":[66,89],"an":[67],"exhaustive":[68],"list,":[69],"but":[70],"simply":[72],"designed":[73],"present":[75],"simultaneously":[76],"wide":[78],"range":[79],"made":[82],"by":[83,111],"Miller,":[84],"some":[85],"which":[87],"have":[88],"sufficiently":[91],"nor":[93],"appreciated.":[94],"Miller's":[95],"focused":[97],"upon":[98],"actions":[100],"concrete":[102],"components":[103],"fulfilling":[105],"critical":[107],"subsystems":[108],"processes":[109],"required":[110],"at":[113],"each":[114],"level.":[115],"He":[116],"placed":[117],"less":[118],"emphasis":[119],"on":[120],"key":[122,139],"variables":[124],"such":[125],"as":[126],"population":[127],"technology.":[129],"Fortunately,":[130],"explicated":[135],"a":[136],"set":[137],"variables.":[140],"second":[142],"part":[143],"discusses":[147],"Theory,":[150],"shows":[152],"how":[153],"complements":[155],"extends":[157],"Copyright":[159],"\u00a9":[160],"2006":[161],"John":[162],"Wiley":[163],"&":[164],"Sons,":[165],"Ltd.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}