{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082462018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2012.50","title":"The relationship between goal difficulty, goal specificity, rewards and job satisfaction: A study of Singapore security guards","display_name":"The relationship between goal difficulty, goal specificity, rewards and job satisfaction: A study of Singapore security guards","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082462018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2012.50","mag":"2082462018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/sj.2012.50","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2012.50","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2012.50","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74209221","display_name":"Security Journal","issn_l":"0955-1662","issn":["0955-1662","1743-4645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319702","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319702","https://openalex.org/P4310319964"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Macmillan Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065431400","display_name":"Mahesh K. Nalla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-7468","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-7468"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahesh K Nalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University, School of Criminal Justice, 560 Baker Hall, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA","Michigan State University School of Criminal Justice"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, School of Criminal Justice, 560 Baker Hall, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University School of Criminal Justice","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005996593","display_name":"Swee Lian Sylvia Lim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swee Lian Sylvia Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peter Low, LLC, 4 Battery Road, 22\u201300, Bank of China Building, Singapore","Peter Low, LLC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peter Low, LLC, 4 Battery Road, 22\u201300, Bank of China Building, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peter Low, LLC","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062815744","display_name":"\u0130smail Cenk Demirkol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-786X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-786X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismail Cenk Demirkol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University, School of Criminal Justice, 560 Baker Hall, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA","Michigan State University School of Criminal Justice"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, School of Criminal Justice, 560 Baker Hall, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University School of Criminal Justice","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065431400"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9117,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91102628,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"392","last_page":"409"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.5458999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.5458999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.42239999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11543","display_name":"Employee Performance and Motivation","score":0.010300000198185444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-satisfaction","display_name":"job satisfaction","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-difficulty","display_name":"goal difficulty","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-specificity","display_name":"goal specificity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward","display_name":"reward","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-setting-theory","display_name":"goal setting theory","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-guards","display_name":"security guards","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-significance","display_name":"task significance","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation-and-benefits","display_name":"compensation and benefits","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/promotion","display_name":"promotion","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-needs","display_name":"training needs","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-environment-perception","display_name":"work environment perception","score":0.7300000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180646296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378517","display_name":"Airport security","level":2,"score":0.8339215517044067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992838255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856887","display_name":"Security guard","level":2,"score":0.7122538685798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141141315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2379942","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6981737017631531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199027","display_name":"Goal setting","level":2,"score":0.5979878306388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5893154740333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5876949429512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2718322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629463","display_name":"Job satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.568272590637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5563004612922668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777581918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302562","display_name":"Job security","level":3,"score":0.4947163760662079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4939754605293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.48829054832458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150706916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206702","display_name":"Job attitude","level":4,"score":0.42652663588523865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4254961311817169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174954385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206740","display_name":"Job performance","level":3,"score":0.34688326716423035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1697883903980255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14238464832305908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.12314772605895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11031752824783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09865766763687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1057/sj.2012.50","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2012.50","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2012.50","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74209221","display_name":"Security Journal","issn_l":"0955-1662","issn":["0955-1662","1743-4645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319702","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319702","https://openalex.org/P4310319964"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Macmillan Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.47620001435279846}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5899999737739563}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64197642","https://openalex.org/W92164658","https://openalex.org/W125864059","https://openalex.org/W163832182","https://openalex.org/W388612862","https://openalex.org/W610642735","https://openalex.org/W1054868033","https://openalex.org/W1483014119","https://openalex.org/W1539857759","https://openalex.org/W1723488423","https://openalex.org/W1965635253","https://openalex.org/W1973216657","https://openalex.org/W1977860240","https://openalex.org/W1986720749","https://openalex.org/W1990168275","https://openalex.org/W1993718006","https://openalex.org/W1996921750","https://openalex.org/W1997035961","https://openalex.org/W2000007750","https://openalex.org/W2011390445","https://openalex.org/W2013279586","https://openalex.org/W2027218345","https://openalex.org/W2033115482","https://openalex.org/W2038069945","https://openalex.org/W2038674454","https://openalex.org/W2041051280","https://openalex.org/W2042634652","https://openalex.org/W2045181804","https://openalex.org/W2045959487","https://openalex.org/W2048262602","https://openalex.org/W2069885022","https://openalex.org/W2071120773","https://openalex.org/W2073802278","https://openalex.org/W2078444925","https://openalex.org/W2084576958","https://openalex.org/W2087217722","https://openalex.org/W2089568859","https://openalex.org/W2093473362","https://openalex.org/W2098334842","https://openalex.org/W2111271837","https://openalex.org/W2111469825","https://openalex.org/W2112763287","https://openalex.org/W2117705418","https://openalex.org/W2121307580","https://openalex.org/W2130252134","https://openalex.org/W2132223410","https://openalex.org/W2135374241","https://openalex.org/W2138535943","https://openalex.org/W2141922018","https://openalex.org/W2157726932","https://openalex.org/W2246029201","https://openalex.org/W2321279984","https://openalex.org/W2327727924","https://openalex.org/W2797592967","https://openalex.org/W2922859659","https://openalex.org/W4236388654","https://openalex.org/W4237356565","https://openalex.org/W4246679797","https://openalex.org/W4252642878","https://openalex.org/W4254632831","https://openalex.org/W4300912073","https://openalex.org/W4301662574"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2345387631","https://openalex.org/W7038552581","https://openalex.org/W2405160912","https://openalex.org/W2014901718","https://openalex.org/W3205593558","https://openalex.org/W3208867723","https://openalex.org/W1974240487","https://openalex.org/W2781319385","https://openalex.org/W2023851184","https://openalex.org/W3084816043"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}