{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082460965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800024673","title":"Political Modernization as Reflected in Bureaucratic Change: The Turkish Bureauracy and A \u201cHistorical Bureaucratic Empire\u201d Tradition","display_name":"Political Modernization as Reflected in Bureaucratic Change: The Turkish Bureauracy and A \u201cHistorical Bureaucratic Empire\u201d Tradition","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082460965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800024673","mag":"2082460965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0020743800024673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800024673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800024673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87435064","display_name":"International Journal Middle East Studies","issn_l":"0020-7438","issn":["0020-7438","1471-6380"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Middle East Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008814548","display_name":"Meti\u1e45 Heper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405392","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Metin Heper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University, Istanbul"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University, Istanbul","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008814548"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26812594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"507","last_page":"521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13210","display_name":"Historical Turkish Studies","score":0.9320999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13210","display_name":"Historical Turkish Studies","score":0.9320999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11783","display_name":"Turkey's Politics and Society","score":0.05400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13988","display_name":"Public Administration and Governance","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-modernization","display_name":"political modernization","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bureaucratic-transformation","display_name":"bureaucratic change","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-politics","display_name":"comparative politics","score":0.42500001192092896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779707719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063239","display_name":"Polity","level":3,"score":0.9055164456367493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.8822727203369141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53844881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856122","display_name":"Modernization theory","level":2,"score":0.869941771030426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7414325475692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778495208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48349","display_name":"Empire","level":2,"score":0.6925646066665649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.5966925024986267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5370774269104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.4704880714416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3781226873397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2945852279663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14996886253356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14766857028007507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.12958717346191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.057813435792922974}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0020743800024673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800024673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800024673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87435064","display_name":"International Journal Middle East Studies","issn_l":"0020-7438","issn":["0020-7438","1471-6380"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Middle East Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24347138","https://openalex.org/W224659592","https://openalex.org/W312633177","https://openalex.org/W622144671","https://openalex.org/W640380392","https://openalex.org/W658262551","https://openalex.org/W1412147727","https://openalex.org/W1526225200","https://openalex.org/W1549889343","https://openalex.org/W1596169349","https://openalex.org/W1965659488","https://openalex.org/W1982429149","https://openalex.org/W1988804842","https://openalex.org/W1996740444","https://openalex.org/W1997012217","https://openalex.org/W1999246659","https://openalex.org/W1999712732","https://openalex.org/W2004463201","https://openalex.org/W2004549006","https://openalex.org/W2006714257","https://openalex.org/W2016316440","https://openalex.org/W2027465398","https://openalex.org/W2044354712","https://openalex.org/W2057397751","https://openalex.org/W2069602434","https://openalex.org/W2078225106","https://openalex.org/W2107992979","https://openalex.org/W2114586302","https://openalex.org/W2120528623","https://openalex.org/W2129028107","https://openalex.org/W2134535750","https://openalex.org/W2136261803","https://openalex.org/W2151172252","https://openalex.org/W2156974588","https://openalex.org/W2160174358","https://openalex.org/W2167306711","https://openalex.org/W2312628842","https://openalex.org/W2313671788","https://openalex.org/W2313690643","https://openalex.org/W2315579765","https://openalex.org/W2317701138","https://openalex.org/W2322609866","https://openalex.org/W2328049499","https://openalex.org/W2331555850","https://openalex.org/W2332467389","https://openalex.org/W2334392906","https://openalex.org/W2335412363","https://openalex.org/W2502611985","https://openalex.org/W2569582710","https://openalex.org/W2797411123","https://openalex.org/W2799630325","https://openalex.org/W4230080307","https://openalex.org/W4238592443","https://openalex.org/W4247693673","https://openalex.org/W4247945065","https://openalex.org/W4248034617","https://openalex.org/W4298972331","https://openalex.org/W4384196544","https://openalex.org/W4388533466"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973053739","https://openalex.org/W169467717","https://openalex.org/W2059524764","https://openalex.org/W2587601200","https://openalex.org/W7163826673","https://openalex.org/W2159700869","https://openalex.org/W2388350402","https://openalex.org/W747478819","https://openalex.org/W2007337033","https://openalex.org/W4200149474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Political":[0],"modernization":[1],"is":[2,12],"a":[3,24,31,34],"difficult":[4],"concept":[5],"to":[6,13],"grapple":[7],"with1.":[8],"The":[9],"traditional":[10],"approach":[11],"view":[14],"the":[15],"political":[16],"systems":[17],"of":[18],"industrially":[19],"developed":[20,36],"Western":[21],"countries":[22],"as":[23,30],"model":[25],"of,":[26],"or":[27],"sometimes":[28],"even":[29],"synonym":[32],"for,":[33],"politically":[35],"polity.":[37]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}