{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082262255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2871","title":"Impulsiveness without discounting: the ecological rationality hypothesis","display_name":"Impulsiveness without discounting: the ecological rationality hypothesis","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082262255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2871","mag":"2082262255","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15590596","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1691888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3006207977","display_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","issn_l":"0080-4649","issn":["0080-4649","0962-8452","1471-2954","2053-9193"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1691888/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058991401","display_name":"David W. Stephens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3720-5248","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3720-5248"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David W. Stephens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108-6097, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108-6097, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026507747","display_name":"Benjamin Kerr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9909-7070","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9909-7070"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Kerr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108-6097, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108-6097, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074946782","display_name":"Esteban Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Juricic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5290-8078","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5290-8078"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59897056","display_name":"California State University, Long Beach","ror":"https://ror.org/0080fxk18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esteban Fern\u00e1ndez-Juricic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Peterson Hall 1\u2013109, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Peterson Hall 1\u2013109, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058991401"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4335,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80474453,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"271","issue":"1556","first_page":"2459","last_page":"2465"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.673799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.673799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.1906999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.07519999891519547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulsivity","display_name":"impulsivity","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-discounting","display_name":"delay discounting","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-rationality","display_name":"ecological rationality","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foraging-theory","display_name":"foraging theory","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-reward","display_name":"food reward","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-decision-making","display_name":"animal decision-making","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6177178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10998070","display_name":"Discounting","level":2,"score":0.8562607169151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777893452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186412","display_name":"Temporal discounting","level":3,"score":0.8160401582717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780319597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549918","display_name":"Impulsivity","level":2,"score":0.6092286109924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994109249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186412","display_name":"Delay discounting","level":3,"score":0.6030404567718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165287380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916569","display_name":"Foraging","level":2,"score":0.5291127562522888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776945547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403813","display_name":"Intertemporal choice","level":2,"score":0.5212324857711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5086115598678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201717286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938185","display_name":"Rationality","level":2,"score":0.4896085858345032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48299992084503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.43975111842155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.42655906081199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4253287613391876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.40169215202331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3700791001319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19252261519432068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.18506821990013123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15199092030525208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.14172455668449402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12114900350570679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10673096776008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07210269570350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004463","descriptor_name":"Ecology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005247","descriptor_name":"Feeding Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007175","descriptor_name":"Impulsive Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3006207977","display_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","issn_l":"0080-4649","issn":["0080-4649","0962-8452","1471-2954","2053-9193"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15590596","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15590596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. Biological sciences","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1691888","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1691888/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Biol Sci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1691888","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1691888/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Biol Sci","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512974444","https://openalex.org/W1847236181","https://openalex.org/W1972850108","https://openalex.org/W1984035009","https://openalex.org/W1985013608","https://openalex.org/W1999698119","https://openalex.org/W2010145928","https://openalex.org/W2021621394","https://openalex.org/W2052919428","https://openalex.org/W2066234557","https://openalex.org/W2073331109","https://openalex.org/W2078850081","https://openalex.org/W2084762552","https://openalex.org/W2093108455","https://openalex.org/W2108933650","https://openalex.org/W2122675110","https://openalex.org/W2134247338","https://openalex.org/W2135022621","https://openalex.org/W2135477755","https://openalex.org/W2323017941","https://openalex.org/W2505526450","https://openalex.org/W4232498212","https://openalex.org/W4241696300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097631736","https://openalex.org/W1980617459","https://openalex.org/W2122675110","https://openalex.org/W2150871908","https://openalex.org/W2028767931","https://openalex.org/W2060017427","https://openalex.org/W7097039056","https://openalex.org/W2898946601","https://openalex.org/W4318484590","https://openalex.org/W2615878931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Observed":[0],"animal":[1,40],"impulsiveness":[2,65,155],"challenges":[3],"ideas":[4],"from":[5,91],"foraging":[6],"theory":[7],"about":[8],"the":[9,37,44,49,53,62,104,144],"fitness":[10,50],"value":[11,51],"of":[12,39,52,64,82,87,107,146],"food":[13,83],"rewards,":[14],"and":[15,27],"may":[16],"play":[17],"a":[18,99,113,138],"role":[19],"in":[20,137,143,148,156],"important":[21],"behavioural":[22],"phenomena":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25],"cooperation":[26],"addiction.":[28],"Behavioural":[29],"ecologists":[30],"usually":[31],"invoke":[32],"temporal":[33],"discounting":[34,45],"to":[35,43,119,126],"explain":[36],"evolution":[38,63],"impulsiveness.":[41,108],"According":[42],"hypothesis,":[46],"delay":[47],"reduces":[48,103],"delayed":[54],"food.":[55],"We":[56,71],"develop":[57],"an":[58],"alternative":[59],"model":[60],"for":[61],"that":[66,73,102,132],"does":[67],"not":[68,152],"require":[69],"discounting.":[70,165],"show":[72],"impulsive":[74,88,110,133],"or":[75],"short-sighted":[76],"rules":[77,89,111,134],"can":[78],"maximize":[79],"long-term":[80,105],"rates":[81],"intake.":[84],"The":[85],"advantages":[86],"come":[90],"two":[92],"sources.":[93],"First,":[94],"naturally":[95],"occurring":[96],"choices":[97],"have":[98,112],"foreground-background":[100,140],"structure":[101],"cost":[106],"Second,":[109],"discrimination":[114],"advantage":[115],"because":[116],"they":[117],"tend":[118],"compare":[120],"smaller":[121],"quantities.":[122],"Discounting":[123],"contributes":[124],"little":[125],"this":[127],"result.":[128],"Although":[129],"we":[130,150],"find":[131,153],"are":[135],"optimal":[136],"simple":[139],"choice":[141,158],"situation":[142],"absence":[145],"discounting,":[147],"contrast":[149],"do":[151],"comparable":[154],"binary":[157],"situations":[159],"even":[160],"when":[161],"there":[162],"is":[163],"strong":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}