{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082009398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055400122646","title":"Symbols and Political Quiescence","display_name":"Symbols and Political Quiescence","publication_year":1960,"publication_date":"1960-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082009398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055400122646","mag":"2082009398"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0003055400122646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055400122646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055400122646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176007004","display_name":"American Political Science Review","issn_l":"0003-0554","issn":["0003-0554","1537-5943"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Political Science Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077547973","display_name":"Murray J. Edelman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Murray Edelman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077547973"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I2801919071"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26498127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"3","first_page":"695","last_page":"704"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12225","display_name":"Political Influence and Corporate Strategies","score":0.8744999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12225","display_name":"Political Influence and Corporate Strategies","score":0.8744999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.040699999779462814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13988","display_name":"Public Administration and Governance","score":0.01510000042617321,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-symbols","display_name":"political symbols","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-regulation","display_name":"trade regulation","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-regulation-of-business","display_name":"government regulation of business","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interest-groups","display_name":"interest groups","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policymaking","display_name":"policy making","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apathy","display_name":"apathy","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-process","display_name":"political process","score":0.4410000145435333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7497442960739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6608341932296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5777270793914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.5494064092636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40422974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741248","display_name":"Assertion","level":2,"score":0.5149019956588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.5011587142944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4994239807128906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.46665406227111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.4569942355155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4346904754638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.42574793100357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.41526445746421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3722364008426666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3684263527393341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2303677499294281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2180025279521942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0003055400122646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055400122646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055400122646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176007004","display_name":"American Political Science Review","issn_l":"0003-0554","issn":["0003-0554","1537-5943"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Political Science Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/1953947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1953947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1953947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176007004","display_name":"American Political Science Review","issn_l":"0003-0554","issn":["0003-0554","1537-5943"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Political Science Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cup:apsrev:v:54:y:1960:i:03:p:695-704_12","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400122646/type/journal_article","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47620001435279846,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W567256875","https://openalex.org/W608473518","https://openalex.org/W1494948774","https://openalex.org/W1513885314","https://openalex.org/W1578958794","https://openalex.org/W1692053227","https://openalex.org/W1968744458","https://openalex.org/W1969311951","https://openalex.org/W1973043707","https://openalex.org/W1986591873","https://openalex.org/W1999686839","https://openalex.org/W2001233356","https://openalex.org/W2022214447","https://openalex.org/W2035463988","https://openalex.org/W2035480180","https://openalex.org/W2036219104","https://openalex.org/W2052803649","https://openalex.org/W2068370029","https://openalex.org/W2068915980","https://openalex.org/W2069736034","https://openalex.org/W2074348307","https://openalex.org/W2077173354","https://openalex.org/W2092110378","https://openalex.org/W2104591723","https://openalex.org/W2133437747","https://openalex.org/W2159727707","https://openalex.org/W2312812477","https://openalex.org/W2315869335","https://openalex.org/W2316445691","https://openalex.org/W2328636748","https://openalex.org/W2335841795","https://openalex.org/W2795538521","https://openalex.org/W2795670686","https://openalex.org/W2795781163","https://openalex.org/W2796405185","https://openalex.org/W2797676273","https://openalex.org/W4299991139","https://openalex.org/W4300878091"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7039049972","https://openalex.org/W2575119413","https://openalex.org/W4249692705","https://openalex.org/W3008787010","https://openalex.org/W1747893658","https://openalex.org/W3128264556","https://openalex.org/W1547516211","https://openalex.org/W7005160096","https://openalex.org/W2008916677","https://openalex.org/W2913180292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Few":[0,223],"forms":[1,180],"of":[2,4,16,24,55,69,84,101,104,133,135,147,153,158,161,181,216,231,252,268,277,290],"explanation":[3],"political":[5,39,64,224,257,298],"phenomena":[6],"are":[7,78,285],"more":[8,116,253,287],"common":[9,232],"than":[10,293],"the":[11,14,22,53,67,74,82,90,93,99,110,150,159,164,170,179,185,195,214,219,229,250,291],"assertion":[12],"that":[13,235,283],"success":[15],"some":[17,60],"group":[18,166,220],"was":[19],"facilitated":[20],"by":[21,188],"\u201capathy\u201d":[23],"other":[25],"groups":[26,242],"with":[27,63,178],"opposing":[28],"interests.":[29],"If":[30],"apathy":[31],"is":[32,49,52,138,177,273,294],"not":[33],"an":[34,44],"observable":[35],"phenomenon":[36],"in":[37,66,87,106,169,172,201,211,221,297],"a":[38,122,130,145,266,274,286],"context":[40],"because":[41],"it":[42,137,190],"connotes":[43],"individual's":[45],"mental":[46],"state,":[47],"quiescence":[48,65,120],"observable.":[50],"It":[51],"purpose":[54],"this":[56],"paper":[57,111],"to":[58,81,108,114,128,193,207,218,240,279],"specify":[59],"conditions":[61,77],"associated":[62],"formation":[68,83],"business":[70,105],"regulation":[71,103],"policies.":[72],"Although":[73],"same":[75],"general":[76],"apparently":[79],"applicable":[80],"public":[85,236],"policies":[86,237],"any":[88],"area,":[89],"argument":[91],"and":[92,113,209,246,271],"examples":[94],"used":[95],"here":[96,176],"focus":[97],"upon":[98],"field":[100],"government":[102],"order":[107],"make":[109],"manageable":[112],"permit":[115],"intensive":[117],"treatment.":[118],"Political":[119],"toward":[121],"policy":[123,171],"area":[124],"can":[125,191],"be":[126,129,280],"assumed":[127],"function":[131],"either":[132],"lack":[134],"interest\u2014whether":[136],"simple":[139],"indifference":[140],"or":[141,205,301],"stems":[142],"rather":[143],"from":[144],"sense":[146,233],"futility":[148],"about":[149],"practical":[151],"prospects":[152],"securing":[154],"obviously":[155],"desirable":[156],"changes\u2014or":[157],"satisfaction":[160],"whatever":[162],"interest":[163],"quiescent":[165],"may":[167],"have":[168,238],"question.":[173,222],"Our":[174],"concern":[175],"satisfaction.":[182],"In":[183],"analyzing":[184],"various":[186],"means":[187],"which":[189],"come":[192],"pass,":[194],"following":[196],"discussion":[197],"distinguishes":[198],"between":[199],"interests":[200,210],"resources":[202],"(whether":[203],"goods":[204],"freedoms":[206],"act)":[208],"symbols":[212,245,284],"connoting":[213],"suppression":[215],"threats":[217],"scientists":[225],"would":[226],"doubt,":[227],"on":[228],"basis":[230],"evidence,":[234,278],"value":[239],"interested":[241],"both":[243],"as":[244,247,265],"instruments":[248],"for":[249],"allocation":[251],"tangible":[254],"values.":[255],"The":[256],"process":[258,292],"has":[259],"been":[260],"much":[261],"less":[262],"thoroughly":[263],"studied":[264],"purveyor":[267],"symbols,":[269],"however;":[270],"there":[272],"good":[275],"deal":[276],"presented":[281],"below,":[282],"central":[288],"component":[289],"commonly":[295],"recognized":[296],"scientists'":[299],"explicit":[300],"implicit":[302],"models.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}