{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081620751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e31826cc118","title":"Commentary","display_name":"Commentary","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081620751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e31826cc118","mag":"2081620751","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23038114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31826cc118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e31826cc118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e31826cc118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15470582","display_name":"Epidemiology","issn_l":"1044-3983","issn":["1044-3983","1531-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035070420","display_name":"John S. Witte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0146-1434","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0146-1434"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John S. Witte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-9001, USA. JWitte@ucsf.edu","Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-9001, USA. JWitte@ucsf.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020502354","display_name":"Peter M. Visscher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2143-8760","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2143-8760"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter M. Visscher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and","University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia","Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035070420"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3055,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65041839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"6","first_page":"910","last_page":"911"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.012000000104308128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14393","display_name":"Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuation-ratio-model","display_name":"continuation ratio model","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-bias","display_name":"information bias","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-epidemiology","display_name":"genetic epidemiology","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-macular-degeneration","display_name":"age-related macular degeneration","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-test-evaluation","display_name":"diagnostic test evaluation","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-validity","display_name":"internal validity","score":0.38100001215934753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.6965042948722839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88629717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17056323","display_name":"Information bias","level":3,"score":0.5595899820327759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5037724375724792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.49325913190841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4698179066181183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.44898301362991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778217198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556977","display_name":"Cutoff","level":2,"score":0.4252455234527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3711998462677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3617978096008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.34053680300712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.33874353766441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.26801279187202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.23166382312774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.17874690890312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1523188054561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40423286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284172","display_name":"Selection bias","level":2,"score":0.14089953899383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.13591957092285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13104578852653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008268","descriptor_name":"Macular Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008268","descriptor_name":"Macular Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31826cc118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e31826cc118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e31826cc118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15470582","display_name":"Epidemiology","issn_l":"1044-3983","issn":["1044-3983","1531-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23038114","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23038114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990700240","https://openalex.org/W2003437905","https://openalex.org/W2057964179","https://openalex.org/W2144802852"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2292002850","https://openalex.org/W2152039871","https://openalex.org/W6983463213","https://openalex.org/W4414852781","https://openalex.org/W2099794378","https://openalex.org/W7098733285","https://openalex.org/W1968677777","https://openalex.org/W782477952","https://openalex.org/W2947293212","https://openalex.org/W2020402561"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,456,724],"key":[1],"aspect":[2],"of":[3,10,46,81,87,100,119,141,148,166,203,212,235,266,286,293,304,336,341,355,380,394,478,497,502,513,516,529,551,560,564,578,585,624,635,657,706,734,758,765,776,790,826,836,850,916,923,926,934,953,964,970,989],"epidemiologic":[4,54],"research":[5],"is":[6,37,171,192,268,387,447,567,597,632,667,688,692,746,767,792,811,825,893,913,959,980],"the":[7,44,49,79,84,116,120,156,164,181,232,245,264,271,284,291,314,328,378,396,406,426,441,475,499,522,574,582,587,594,604,610,633,655,693,704,729,756,774,808,820,834,870,890,921,924,932,948,968],"correct":[8],"measurement":[9,775],"exposures":[11],"and":[12,111,123,162,224,262,270,369,537,673,779,801,814,822,897,920,928,942,950,962,972,991],"poor":[13],"health":[14],"outcomes.":[15],"When":[16,862],"considering":[17],"a":[18,138,199,242,259,294,301,306,337,374,381,409,423,483,511,531,540,562,768,777,843,914,960],"binary":[19],"disease,":[20,142,395],"cases":[21,134,311,680],"are":[22,64,251,344,553,606,882],"generally":[23,215,676],"confirmed":[24],"using":[25],"medical":[26],"records":[27],"or":[28,42,60,98,151,434,440,665],"other":[29],"trustworthy":[30],"information.":[31],"In":[32],"contrast,":[33],"controls\u2019":[34,103],"nondiseased":[35],"status":[36,72,105],"often":[38],"based":[39,312],"on":[40,78,313,364,940,983],"self-report":[41],"simply":[43],"lack":[45,764],"evidence":[47],"to":[48,126,183,198,205,277,327,348,389,403,448,488,505,545,580,599,649,670,713,804,833,853,858,884,946],"contrary.":[50],"For":[51,227,280],"example,":[52,281],"genetic":[53,150,761,788,851],"association":[55],"studies":[56],"commonly":[57],"use":[58,422,449],"convenience":[59],"unscreened":[61],"controls":[62,132,170,213,250,298,391,481,588,605],"who":[63],"assumed":[65,252],"unaffected":[66],"even":[67,282,653],"though":[68],"their":[69,367,392],"actual":[70],"disease":[71,82,96,104,167,236,358,479,517,658,664,990],"has":[73],"not":[74,607,643,668,677,701,749,894],"been":[75,644],"assessed.":[76],"Depending":[77],"prevalence":[80,165],"in":[83,108,283,290,357,366,773,784,842,904],"source":[85],"population":[86],"controls,":[88,342,507],"some":[89,297],"proportion":[90],"may":[91,220,831],"actually":[92,221,902],"be":[93,216,275,534,571,709,722,781,854,859,878,886],"cases.":[94,590,615,683],"This":[95,210],"misclassification":[97,168,492,800],"absence":[99,285],"knowledge":[101,354],"about":[102],"can":[106,179,421,509,533,570,901],"result":[107,903],"reduced":[109],"power":[110,182],"information":[112],"bias,":[113],"thus":[114],"threatening":[115],"internal":[117],"validity":[118],"findings.":[121],"Ioannidis":[122,332,360,468,616,735,874],"colleagues1":[124],"propose":[125],"address":[127,600],"this":[128,177,196,278,365,557,620,687],"issue":[129,592],"by":[130,240,331,467,703,873],"reclassifying":[131,308,586],"as":[133,143,310,589,614,621,637,681,839],"if":[135,603,654,807],"they":[136,372,719,856],"have":[137,159,258,300,642,857],"high":[139,160,173,302,867],"probability":[140,303,656],"estimated":[144,233],"from":[145,320,401,425,521,609],"prediction":[146,157,523,741,809,891],"models":[147,158,432],"known":[149],"environmental":[152,951],"risk":[153,186,612],"factors.":[154],"If":[155,385,889],"sensitivity":[161,486,503],"specificity\u2014and":[163],"among":[169,480],"relatively":[172],"(>20%)\u2014simulations":[174],"show":[175],"that":[176,371,465,569,628,796],"approach":[178,329,596],"improve":[180],"detect":[184],"novel":[185],"factors.1":[187],"Nonetheless,":[188],"no":[189],"clear":[190],"improvement":[191],"seen":[193],"when":[194],"applying":[195,498,943],"method":[197,871],"seemingly":[200],"ideal":[201],"study":[202,699,757],"progression":[204,666],"advanced":[206],"age-related":[207,601,730],"macular":[208,731],"degeneration.1":[209],"reclassification":[211,340,595,900],"should":[214,675,780],"avoided":[217],"because":[218,640,828],"it":[219,386],"increase":[222],"bias":[223,318],"reduce":[225,799],"precision.":[226],"reclassification,":[228,818],"one":[229,420,508,674],"must":[230],"turn":[231],"probabilities":[234,255,393,528],"into":[237,350,482],"100%":[238],"certainty":[239],"selecting":[241],"cutoff":[243,267],"for":[244,453,518,728,743,847,986,999],"predicted":[246,315,476,514],"values":[247,316,477,504,515],"above":[248],"which":[249,869],"affected.":[253],"The":[254,787],"will":[256,274,299,317,398,720],"usually":[257],"smooth":[260],"distribution,":[261],"so":[263],"choice":[265],"subjective":[269],"ensuing":[272],"results":[273],"sensitive":[276],"choice.":[279],"disease-classification":[287],"errors":[288,772,841],"but":[289],"presence":[292],"strong":[295],"predictor,":[296],"being":[305,530,755],"case;":[307],"them":[309],"inference":[319],"subsequent":[321],"analyses.":[322,786],"Is":[323],"there":[324,343],"an":[325,450,793,973],"alternative":[326],"suggested":[330],"et":[333,361,469,617,736,875],"al?1":[334],"Instead":[335],"deterministic,":[338],"all-or-none":[339],"more":[345],"appropriate":[346],"ways":[347],"incorporate":[349,474],"one\u2019s":[351],"analysis":[352,487,740],"prior":[353],"uncertainty":[356],"status.":[359],"al1":[362,618,876],"touch":[363],"discussion":[368],"note":[370],"\u201cpresented":[373],"simple":[375],"dichotomous":[376],"correction,":[377],"equivalent":[379,669],"diagnostic":[382,840],"test":[383],"evaluation.\u201d":[384],"reasonable":[388],"assign":[390],"outcomes":[397],"now":[399],"range":[400],"0":[402],"1":[404,413,437],"(for":[405,414],"controls),":[407],"with":[408,464,539,573,593,660,716,866],"large":[410,829],"mass":[411],"at":[412,931,967],"cases).":[415],"To":[416,684],"analyze":[417],"such":[418,838],"data,":[419],"model":[424,452,810,892],"ordinal":[427],"logistic":[428],"family:":[429],"continuation":[430],"ratio":[431],"(usual":[433],"reversed":[435],"contrasting":[436],"vs.":[438],"<1)":[439],"cumulative":[442,751],"odds":[443],"model.2":[444],"Another":[445,591],"possibility":[446],"outcome-mixture":[451],"one-inflated":[454],"regression.3":[455],"nice":[457],"future":[458,663,679],"project":[459],"would":[460,708,877],"compare":[461],"these":[462,526,848],"approaches":[463],"proposed":[466,872],"al.1":[470,737],"One":[471],"might":[472],"also":[473],"Monte":[484],"Carlo":[485],"assess":[489],"how":[490,598],"potential":[491,583,662],"affects":[493],"estimates.4":[494],"Here,":[495],"instead":[496],"same":[500,611],"distribution":[501,512,563],"all":[506,721],"specify":[510],"each":[519],"control":[520,625],"model.":[524],"From":[525],"distributions,":[527],"case":[532],"randomly":[535],"drawn":[536],"compared":[538,572],"uniform":[541],"(0,":[542],"1)":[543],"draw":[544],"determine":[546,581],"reclassification.":[547],"Then,":[548,697],"misclassification-adjusted":[549],"estimates":[550,566,577],"effect":[552,579],"calculated.":[554],"By":[555],"repeating":[556],"process":[558],"thousands":[559],"times,":[561],"adjusted":[565],"generated":[568],"original":[575],"nonmisclassification-adjusted":[576],"impact":[584],"risks":[602],"sampled":[608],"set":[613],"treat":[619,678],"another":[622],"form":[623],"misclassification,":[626,672],"noting":[627],"\u201ca":[629],"common":[630,864],"problem":[631],"classification":[634],"participants":[636,641],"non-diseased":[638],"\u2026":[639],"followed":[645],"up":[646],"long":[647],"enough":[648],"develop":[650],"disease.\u201d":[651],"However,":[652,846],"increases":[659],"age,":[661],"current":[671,682],"see":[685],"why":[686],"problematic,":[689],"assume":[690],"death":[691],"outcome":[694],"under":[695],"study.":[696],"any":[698],"subjects":[700],"dead":[702],"end":[705],"follow-up":[707,718,766],"considered":[710],"misclassified":[711],"owing":[712],"insufficient":[714],"follow-up\u2014because":[715],"sufficient":[717],"dead!":[723],"similar":[725],"argument":[726],"holds":[727],"degeneration":[732],"example":[733],"Instead,":[738],"survival":[739],"modeling":[742],"age-specific":[744],"incidence":[745,752],"needed":[747],"here,":[748],"lifetime":[750],"(an":[753],"exception":[754],"highly":[759],"penetrant":[760],"diseases).":[762],"Hence,":[763],"different":[769],"phenomenon":[770],"than":[771],"phenotype":[778,791,821],"treated":[782],"differently":[783],"statistical":[785,944],"correction":[789],"intriguing":[794],"idea":[795],"could":[797],"help":[798],"ultimately":[802],"lead":[803,832],"new":[805],"discoveries":[806],"correctly":[812,895],"developed":[813,896],"applied.":[815],"Even":[816],"without":[817],"comparing":[819],"its":[823],"predictor":[824],"interest":[827],"deviations":[830],"discovery":[835],"errors,":[837],"clinical":[844],"setting.":[845],"kinds":[849],"predictions":[852],"useful,":[855],"very":[860],"accurate.":[861],"studying":[863],"diseases":[865],"prevalence\u2014for":[868],"most":[879],"useful\u2014genetic":[880],"predictors":[881],"unlikely":[883],"ever":[885],"sufficiently":[887],"accurate.5":[888],"applied,":[898],"then":[899],"worse":[905],"estimation.":[906],"ABOUT":[907],"THE":[908],"AUTHORS":[909],"JOHN":[910],"S.":[911],"WITTE":[912],"Professor":[915,961],"Epidemiology":[917,930],"&":[918],"Biostatistics":[919],"Head":[922],"Division":[925],"Genetic":[927],"Cancer":[929],"University":[933,969],"California,":[935],"San":[936],"Francisco.":[937],"He":[938,979],"works":[939],"developing":[941],"tools":[945],"decipher":[947],"genomic":[949],"basis":[952],"complex":[954],"diseases.":[955],"PETER":[956],"M.":[957],"VISSCHER":[958],"Chair":[963],"Quantitative":[965],"Genetics":[966],"Queensland":[971],"NHMRC":[974],"Senior":[975],"Principal":[976],"Research":[977],"Fellow.":[978],"currently":[981],"focused":[982],"whole-genome":[984],"methods":[985],"explaining":[987],"heritability":[988],"risk-prediction":[992],"methods.":[993],"ACKNOWLEDGMENT":[994],"We":[995],"thank":[996],"Sander":[997],"Greenland":[998],"helpful":[1000],"comments.":[1001]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
