{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081482967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000271628145300105","title":"Chapter 4: Trends in Schooling: Demography, Performance, and Organization","display_name":"Chapter 4: Trends in Schooling: Demography, Performance, and Organization","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081482967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000271628145300105","mag":"2081482967"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/000271628145300105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000271628145300105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000271628145300105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150314616","display_name":"The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","issn_l":"0002-7162","issn":["0002-7162","1552-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013664052","display_name":"Robert D. Mare","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert D. Mare","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013664052"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91114376,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"453","issue":"1","first_page":"96","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.8330000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.8330000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.11490000039339066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13570","display_name":"Historical Education Studies Worldwide","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-enrollment","display_name":"student enrollment","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-enrollment","display_name":"college enrollment","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertility-decline","display_name":"fertility decline","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-socioeconomic-status","display_name":"family socioeconomic status","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardized-achievement-tests","display_name":"standardized achievement tests","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-curriculum","display_name":"school curriculum","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-consolidation","display_name":"school consolidation","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education-expansion","display_name":"higher education expansion","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-growth","display_name":"educational growth","score":0.31299999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6543903946876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339289","display_name":"Attendance","level":2,"score":0.5703561305999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779297142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276412","display_name":"Educational attainment","level":2,"score":0.5670642256736755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.49012765288352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.44081878662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4391612112522125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4110676944255829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3732607662677765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3216341435909271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3023206889629364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.29816198348999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.18796229362487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13789677619934082}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/000271628145300105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000271628145300105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000271628145300105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150314616","display_name":"The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","issn_l":"0002-7162","issn":["0002-7162","1552-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:anname:v:453:y:1981:i:1:p:96-122","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/000271628145300105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7390999794006348,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499467057","https://openalex.org/W2080520399","https://openalex.org/W2062283004","https://openalex.org/W2902397979","https://openalex.org/W2048600050","https://openalex.org/W2145725926","https://openalex.org/W7097067480","https://openalex.org/W2019216347","https://openalex.org/W1988334492","https://openalex.org/W1581234142"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Educational":[0,19,46],"levels":[1,73],"in":[2,37,51,56,66,91,101,113,124,138,166,184],"the":[3,9,25,67,83,88,92,102,114,132,158,174],"population":[4],"have":[5,78,127,140,154,171,180,191],"grown":[6],"enormously":[7],"during":[8],"twentieth":[10,133,175],"century,":[11,134,176],"primarily":[12],"through":[13,24,35,131],"a":[14,160],"process":[15],"of":[16,27,39,69,116,188],"cohort":[17],"succession.":[18],"growth":[20,47],"has":[21],"been":[22,79,128,181],"concentrated":[23],"spread":[26],"grade":[28],"and":[29,33,64,87,94,147,186],"high":[30,42,151],"school":[31,43,62,152],"education,":[32],"not":[34],"increases":[36,112],"rates":[38],"progression":[40],"from":[41,49],"to":[44,164],"college.":[45],"results":[48],"improvements":[50],"family":[52,117],"socioeconomic":[53],"standing,":[54],"shifts":[55],"economic":[57],"incentives,":[58],"legislative":[59],"changes":[60,65,165],"facilitating":[61],"attendance,":[63],"organization":[68],"schools.":[70],"School":[71],"enrollment":[72],"since":[74,157],"World":[75],"War":[76],"II":[77],"heavily":[80],"influenced":[81],"by":[82,111],"postwar":[84],"baby":[85],"boom":[86],"fertility":[89],"decline":[90],"1960s":[93],"1970s.":[95],"College":[96],"enrollments":[97],"will":[98],"fall":[99],"significantly":[100,141],"next":[103],"few":[104],"years,":[105],"but":[106],"this":[107],"may":[108],"be":[109],"mitigated":[110],"favorability":[115],"circumstances":[118],"for":[119,150],"educational":[120,125],"attainment.":[121],"Socioeconomic":[122],"differences":[123],"attainment":[126],"approximately":[129,182],"constant":[130,183],"whereas":[135],"race":[136],"differentials":[137],"schooling":[139],"converged.":[142],"Performances":[143],"on":[144],"standardized":[145],"aptitude":[146],"achievement":[148],"tests":[149],"students":[153],"declined":[155],"dramatically":[156],"mid-1960s,":[159],"trend":[161],"due":[162],"partly":[163],"schools'":[167],"curricula.":[168],"Elementary":[169],"schools":[170,179],"consolidated":[172],"throughout":[173],"while":[177],"secondary":[178],"number":[185],"institutions":[187],"higher":[189],"education":[190],"proliferated.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}