{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081477065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200030036x","title":"Fine Root Development of Alfalfa as Affected by Wheel Traffic","display_name":"Fine Root Development of Alfalfa as Affected by Wheel Traffic","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081477065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200030036x","mag":"2081477065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200030036x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200030036x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200030036x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002031632","display_name":"Eric A. Rechel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2092-5849","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2092-5849"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. A. Rechel","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA\u2010ARS Cotton Res. Stn. 17053 Shafter Ave. Shatter CA 93263"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA\u2010ARS Cotton Res. Stn. 17053 Shafter Ave. Shatter CA 93263","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020836533","display_name":"Burl D. Meek","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. D. Meek","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA\u2010ARS Soil and Water Manage. Res. Cent. Route 1, 3793 N 3600E Kimberly ID 83341"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA\u2010ARS Soil and Water Manage. Res. Cent. Route 1, 3793 N 3600E Kimberly ID 83341","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064614586","display_name":"William R. DeTar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. R. DeTar","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA\u2010ARS Cotton Res. Stn. 17053 Shafter Ave. Shatter CA 93263"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA\u2010ARS Cotton Res. Stn. 17053 Shafter Ave. Shatter CA 93263","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089019499","display_name":"L. M. Carter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. M. Carter","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA\u2010ARS Cotton Res. Stn. 17053 Shafter Ave. Shatter CA 93263"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA\u2010ARS Cotton Res. Stn. 17053 Shafter Ave. Shatter CA 93263","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002031632"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6143,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90573813,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"82","issue":"3","first_page":"618","last_page":"622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13591","display_name":"Pasture and Agricultural Systems","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11978","display_name":"Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alfalfa","display_name":"alfalfa","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheel-traffic","display_name":"wheel traffic","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-compaction","display_name":"soil compaction","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-density","display_name":"root density","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-depth-distribution","display_name":"root depth distribution","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-management","display_name":"traffic management","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sandy-loam","display_name":"sandy loam soil","score":0.7480000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113578266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131303","display_name":"Loam","level":3,"score":0.8534145355224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.7692117691040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6796458959579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6643891334533691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70957220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618290","display_name":"Soil compaction","level":3,"score":0.6486454606056213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196715460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414356","display_name":"Compaction","level":2,"score":0.5695662498474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5231807827949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93973069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899249","display_name":"Bulk density","level":3,"score":0.4587119221687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992847057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156106","display_name":"Medicago sativa","level":2,"score":0.453050822019577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.4184815287590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2698724567890167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.22990426421165466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09884458780288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200030036x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200030036x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200030036x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov:536","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/id/eprint/536/1/713.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/id/eprint/536/1/713.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401377","display_name":"Northwest Irrigation & Soils Research Laboratory Publications (United States Department of Agriculture)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","host_organization_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.585.1737","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.585.1737","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/536/1/713.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.961.1790","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.961.1790","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://works.bepress.com/william_detar/15/download/","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"score":0.40450000762939453,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191403151","https://openalex.org/W1574223936","https://openalex.org/W1965873611","https://openalex.org/W1967539616","https://openalex.org/W1969310235","https://openalex.org/W1975145716","https://openalex.org/W1977006240","https://openalex.org/W1984992401","https://openalex.org/W1991876868","https://openalex.org/W2008189202","https://openalex.org/W2017104860","https://openalex.org/W2021738359","https://openalex.org/W2040617330","https://openalex.org/W2043019987","https://openalex.org/W2058388475","https://openalex.org/W2077743791","https://openalex.org/W2079948082","https://openalex.org/W2080977417","https://openalex.org/W2081260823","https://openalex.org/W2147911801","https://openalex.org/W2152019386","https://openalex.org/W2478069496","https://openalex.org/W2590419270","https://openalex.org/W3036242023","https://openalex.org/W4409953395"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058388475","https://openalex.org/W2138116171","https://openalex.org/W1555738059","https://openalex.org/W2008189202","https://openalex.org/W2399256846","https://openalex.org/W2157066109","https://openalex.org/W1981596447","https://openalex.org/W2122766094","https://openalex.org/W7096426892","https://openalex.org/W7130505943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Root":[1],"development":[2],"in":[3,63,90,108,146,157,200,223],"alfalfa":[4,59,214],"(Medicago":[5],"sativa":[6],"L.)":[7],"is":[8,18,27],"dependent":[9],"of":[10,43,52,93,116,140,151,205,209,226],"many":[11],"factors":[12],"including":[13],"the":[14,50,91,147,158,162,195,198,201,220,224],"soil":[15,152,221],"environment":[16],"which":[17,26],"influenced":[19],"by":[20],"crop":[21,97],"management":[22,31,57],"procedures.":[23],"Soil":[24],"compaction,":[25],"unavoidable":[28],"under":[29],"current":[30],"procedures,":[32],"can":[33],"have":[34],"a":[35,64,105,123,189],"detrimental":[36],"effect":[37],"on":[38,58,241],"root":[39,61,110,142,192,235],"development.":[40],"The":[41,207],"purpose":[42],"this":[44,184,210],"field":[45],"experiment":[46],"was":[47,104,144,188],"to":[48,84,122,136,154,175,179,237],"compare":[49],"effects":[51],"controlled":[53],"and":[54,77,182,229],"conventional":[55,86],"traffic":[56,76,78,94,117,228,233],"fine":[60,109,215],"growth":[62,236],"Wasco":[65],"sandy":[66],"loam":[67],"(coarse\u2010loamy,":[68],"mixed,":[69],"nonacid":[70],"thermic":[71],"Typic":[72],"Torriorthent).":[73],"No":[74],"wheel":[75,227],"only":[79],"before":[80],"planting":[81],"were":[82],"compared":[83,178],"two":[85],"systems":[87],"that":[88,213,230],"varied":[89],"amount":[92],"applied":[95],"during":[96,194],"production.":[98],"Twenty":[99],"months":[100],"after":[101,118,129],"planting,":[102],"there":[103,187],"significant":[106],"decrease":[107],"density":[111,143,193],"(FRD)":[112],"from":[113,232],"single":[114],"passes":[115,128],"each":[119,130],"harvest":[120,131],"down":[121,135],"0.45\u2010m":[124],"depth":[125],"while":[126],"several":[127],"significantly":[132,170,190],"decreased":[133],"FRD":[134,165],"1.8\u2010m":[137],"depth.":[138,185],"Regardless":[139],"treatment,":[141],"greatest":[145],"upper":[148,202],"0.1":[149],"m":[150,156,177,204],"decreasing":[153],"1.8":[155],"first":[159],"summer.":[160],"By":[161],"second":[163],"summer":[164,199],"showed":[166],"bimodal":[167],"distribution":[168],"with":[169],"fewer":[171],"roots":[172,216],"at":[173],"0.3":[174,203],"0.6":[176],"layers":[180],"above":[181],"below":[183],"Seasonally":[186],"higher":[191],"winter":[196],"than":[197],"soil.":[206],"results":[208],"study":[211],"shows":[212],"more":[217],"thoroughly":[218],"exploit":[219],"volume":[222],"absence":[225],"compaction":[231],"diminished":[234],"different":[238],"depths":[239],"depending":[240],"its":[242],"intensity.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}