{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081475587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2013.37","title":"Cure or Protection? The meaning of smallpox inoculation, ca 1750\u20131775","display_name":"Cure or Protection? The meaning of smallpox inoculation, ca 1750\u20131775","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081475587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2013.37","mag":"2081475587","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24069915","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3865961"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/mdh.2013.37","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2013.37","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2013.37","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/4F9ABC05F2925429165A6037E4DFEA69/S0025727313000379a.pdf/div-class-title-cure-or-protection-the-meaning-of-smallpox-inoculation-ca-1750-1775-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102349131","display_name":"Medical History","issn_l":"0025-7273","issn":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/4F9ABC05F2925429165A6037E4DFEA69/S0025727313000379a.pdf/div-class-title-cure-or-protection-the-meaning-of-smallpox-inoculation-ca-1750-1775-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060139720","display_name":"Anne Eriksen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-5207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-5207"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anne Eriksen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1010 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1010 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060139720"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.8051,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98728055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"4","first_page":"516","last_page":"536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.8672000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.8672000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.08449999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.019600000232458115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variolation","display_name":"variolation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eighteenth-century-medicine","display_name":"18th-century medicine","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humoral-pathology","display_name":"humoral pathology","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-theory","display_name":"medical theory","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-reasoning","display_name":"probabilistic reasoning","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-arithmetic","display_name":"political arithmetic","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallpox-eradication","display_name":"smallpox eradication","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-innovation","display_name":"healthcare innovation","score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eighteenth-century-europe","display_name":"eighteenth-century Europe","score":0.5389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778417375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12214","display_name":"Smallpox","level":3,"score":0.8398666381835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.7415338158607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.6050335764884949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180032290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664296","display_name":"Inoculation","level":2,"score":0.5434508323669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4886048436164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3388620913028717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3132997155189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2986904978752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.29581308364868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27181950211524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.24081924557685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.20633983612060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1618463099002838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.13421696424484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1299402117729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/mdh.2013.37","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2013.37","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2013.37","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/4F9ABC05F2925429165A6037E4DFEA69/S0025727313000379a.pdf/div-class-title-cure-or-protection-the-meaning-of-smallpox-inoculation-ca-1750-1775-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102349131","display_name":"Medical History","issn_l":"0025-7273","issn":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2849911","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3865961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3865961","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3865961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Med Hist","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:24069915","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24069915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical history","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/mdh.2013.37","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2013.37","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2013.37","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/4F9ABC05F2925429165A6037E4DFEA69/S0025727313000379a.pdf/div-class-title-cure-or-protection-the-meaning-of-smallpox-inoculation-ca-1750-1775-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102349131","display_name":"Medical History","issn_l":"0025-7273","issn":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.504800021648407}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2081475587.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2081475587.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W584536847","https://openalex.org/W600813027","https://openalex.org/W1828774709","https://openalex.org/W1964098577","https://openalex.org/W2002844700","https://openalex.org/W2006411962","https://openalex.org/W2009751199","https://openalex.org/W2035262638","https://openalex.org/W2041233344","https://openalex.org/W2058294470","https://openalex.org/W2160153783","https://openalex.org/W2219889789","https://openalex.org/W2481221285","https://openalex.org/W2894691209","https://openalex.org/W3152323523","https://openalex.org/W4211181982","https://openalex.org/W4292936501","https://openalex.org/W4404935018"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157242156","https://openalex.org/W4299578186","https://openalex.org/W2340123331","https://openalex.org/W1570601974","https://openalex.org/W6944119968","https://openalex.org/W574258955","https://openalex.org/W3092467486","https://openalex.org/W6908630429","https://openalex.org/W7221205835","https://openalex.org/W4236936484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,114,164,187],"idea":[2],"that":[3,42],"smallpox":[4,122],"could":[5],"be":[6],"eradicated":[7],"was":[8,16,25,54,64,94,124,136,143,182],"not":[9,26,153],"necessarily":[10],"the":[11,21,33,36,46,49,78,81,118,146,150,158,162,168,197,200,208],"ultimate":[12],"aim":[13,31,51],"when":[14,175],"inoculation":[15,53,100,123,183],"introduced":[17],"in":[18,20,145],"Europe":[19],"1720s.":[22],"This":[23,39],"potentiality":[24,86],"clearly":[27],"articulated":[28],"as":[29,58,60,66,141,215],"an":[30,67,97],"until":[32],"end":[34,198],"of":[35,45,52,117,161,167,180,199,218],"eighteenth":[37,47,148],"century.":[38],"article":[40,119,169,188],"argues":[41],"during":[43,207],"most":[44],"century,":[48,149,201],"main":[50],"to":[55,176,205,222],"lead":[56],"people":[57],"safely":[59],"possible":[61],"through":[62,96],"what":[63,178],"regarded":[65],"unavoidable":[68],"disease.":[69],"Inoculation":[70,135],"became":[71],"safer,":[72],"simpler":[73],"and":[74,106,111,155,174,202,220],"less":[75],"expensive":[76],"from":[77],"1760s,":[79],"but":[80,140],"changing":[82],"ideas":[83,221],"about":[84,172],"its":[85],"had":[87],"more":[88,102],"complex":[89],"roots.":[90],"A":[91],"new":[92,138],"understanding":[93],"produced":[95],"interaction":[98],"between":[99],"practice,":[101],"general":[103],"medical":[104,128,159],"theory":[105],"developments":[107,206],"within":[108],"probabilistic":[109],"thinking":[110,129],"political":[112],"arithmetic.":[113],"first":[115,154],"part":[116,166],"explores":[120],"how":[121],"incorporated":[125],"into":[126],"existing":[127],"based":[130],"on":[131,193],"traditional":[132],"humoral":[133],"pathology.":[134],"a":[137,191],"technology,":[139],"it":[142],"perceived":[144],"early":[147],"innovation":[151],"did":[152],"foremost":[156],"concern":[157],"principles":[160],"treatment.":[163],"second":[165],"investigates":[170],"arguments":[171],"why":[173],"inoculate:":[177],"kind":[179],"remedy":[181],"for":[184],"eighteenth-century":[185],"agents?":[186],"concludes":[189],"with":[190],"discussion":[192],"changes":[194],"emerging":[195],"towards":[196],"relates":[203],"them":[204,214],"preceding":[209],"decades":[210],"rather":[211],"than":[212],"seeing":[213],"inspired":[216],"precursors":[217],"events":[219],"come.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
