{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081387751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.040865","title":"The cause of global amphibian declines: a developmental endocrinologist's perspective","display_name":"The cause of global amphibian declines: a developmental endocrinologist's perspective","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081387751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.040865","mag":"2081387751","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20190117","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2829317"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1242/jeb.040865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.040865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.040865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20257348","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","issn_l":"0022-0949","issn":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311847","host_organization_name":"The Company of Biologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311847"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Company of Biologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2829317","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110135620","display_name":"Tyrone B. Hayes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316194761","display_name":"Museum of Vertebrate Zoology","ror":"https://ror.org/01rdg4502","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316194761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. B. Hayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Integrative Studies in Amphibian Biology, Department of Integrative Biology, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Group in Endocrinology, Molecular Toxicology, and Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Integrative Studies in Amphibian Biology, Department of Integrative Biology, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Group in Endocrinology, Molecular Toxicology, and Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316194761","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082511787","display_name":"Paul Gerald Falso","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316194761","display_name":"Museum of Vertebrate Zoology","ror":"https://ror.org/01rdg4502","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316194761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Falso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Integrative Studies in Amphibian Biology, Department of Integrative Biology, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Group in Endocrinology, Molecular Toxicology, and Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Integrative Studies in Amphibian Biology, Department of Integrative Biology, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Group in Endocrinology, Molecular Toxicology, and Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316194761","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077541389","display_name":"Sherrie Gallipeau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316194761","display_name":"Museum of Vertebrate Zoology","ror":"https://ror.org/01rdg4502","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316194761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Gallipeau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Integrative Studies in Amphibian Biology, Department of Integrative Biology, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Group in Endocrinology, Molecular Toxicology, and Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Integrative Studies in Amphibian Biology, Department of Integrative Biology, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Group in Endocrinology, Molecular Toxicology, and Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316194761","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041927415","display_name":"Mary J. Stice","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316194761","display_name":"Museum of Vertebrate Zoology","ror":"https://ror.org/01rdg4502","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316194761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Stice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Integrative Studies in Amphibian Biology, Department of Integrative Biology, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Group in Endocrinology, Molecular Toxicology, and Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Integrative Studies in Amphibian Biology, Department of Integrative Biology, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Group in Endocrinology, Molecular Toxicology, and Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316194761","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.5319,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":447,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99132549,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"213","issue":"6","first_page":"921","last_page":"933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10332","display_name":"Amphibian and Reptile Biology","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10332","display_name":"Amphibian and Reptile Biology","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.014600000344216824,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11505","display_name":"Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1314","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amphibian-decline","display_name":"amphibian decline","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-failure","display_name":"reproductive failure","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recruitment-failure","display_name":"recruitment failure","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogen-virulence","display_name":"pathogen virulence","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-contaminants","display_name":"environmental pollutants","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticides","display_name":"pesticides","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression","display_name":"immunosuppression","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-modification","display_name":"habitat modification","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invasive-species","display_name":"invasive species","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-change","display_name":"atmospheric change","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amphibian-disease","display_name":"amphibian disease","score":0.5799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781465898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10908","display_name":"Amphibian","level":2,"score":0.9315209984779358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114425635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7252855","display_name":"Proximate and ultimate causation","level":2,"score":0.663349986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6421024799346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5389244556427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.47226110100746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.11186385154724121}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000663","descriptor_name":"Amphibians","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004785","descriptor_name":"Environmental Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011157","descriptor_name":"Population Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012098","descriptor_name":"Reproduction","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053476","descriptor_name":"Extinction, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057231","descriptor_name":"Climate Change","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1242/jeb.040865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.040865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.040865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20257348","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","issn_l":"0022-0949","issn":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311847","host_organization_name":"The Company of Biologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311847"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Company of Biologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2829317","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2829317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Exp Biol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:20190117","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20190117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of experimental biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2829317","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2829317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Exp Biol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.7605999708175659},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.504800021648407}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306082","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332564","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":183,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103289074","https://openalex.org/W579203183","https://openalex.org/W940194371","https://openalex.org/W1515075632","https://openalex.org/W1577811110","https://openalex.org/W1655609833","https://openalex.org/W1963529791","https://openalex.org/W1965066728","https://openalex.org/W1972932782","https://openalex.org/W1976364528","https://openalex.org/W1977635583","https://openalex.org/W1977745099","https://openalex.org/W1978014166","https://openalex.org/W1979009666","https://openalex.org/W1979243881","https://openalex.org/W1981627032","https://openalex.org/W1981976677","https://openalex.org/W1983803805","https://openalex.org/W1984143858","https://openalex.org/W1986929944","https://openalex.org/W1987819111","https://openalex.org/W1989571789","https://openalex.org/W1992105612","https://openalex.org/W1993134415","https://openalex.org/W1997122182","https://openalex.org/W1998631479","https://openalex.org/W1998663050","https://openalex.org/W2000109647","https://openalex.org/W2000270856","https://openalex.org/W2000948390","https://openalex.org/W2004164398","https://openalex.org/W2005302358","https://openalex.org/W2006021345","https://openalex.org/W2007460260","https://openalex.org/W2007746015","https://openalex.org/W2008397302","https://openalex.org/W2008413660","https://openalex.org/W2014225118","https://openalex.org/W2017398785","https://openalex.org/W2018462095","https://openalex.org/W2019328250","https://openalex.org/W2020019124","https://openalex.org/W2020680740","https://openalex.org/W2022354553","https://openalex.org/W2022552892","https://openalex.org/W2022612167","https://openalex.org/W2023372305","https://openalex.org/W2025211537","https://openalex.org/W2027580501","https://openalex.org/W2029088065","https://openalex.org/W2029191756","https://openalex.org/W2030770548","https://openalex.org/W2033532463","https://openalex.org/W2033612153","https://openalex.org/W2035578334","https://openalex.org/W2037540490","https://openalex.org/W2038302245","https://openalex.org/W2041547614","https://openalex.org/W2042201918","https://openalex.org/W2042738268","https://openalex.org/W2043857455","https://openalex.org/W2045616848","https://openalex.org/W2045944544","https://openalex.org/W2049085830","https://openalex.org/W2050064450","https://openalex.org/W2050194147","https://openalex.org/W2055873508","https://openalex.org/W2056449588","https://openalex.org/W2056780860","https://openalex.org/W2059988967","https://openalex.org/W2062959428","https://openalex.org/W2063189291","https://openalex.org/W2063737179","https://openalex.org/W2064742428","https://openalex.org/W2069944410","https://openalex.org/W2070222260","https://openalex.org/W2070415230","https://openalex.org/W2071464111","https://openalex.org/W2071914459","https://openalex.org/W2073080253","https://openalex.org/W2075832041","https://openalex.org/W2080371836","https://openalex.org/W2081528955","https://openalex.org/W2083555541","https://openalex.org/W2083720541","https://openalex.org/W2087752690","https://openalex.org/W2088231236","https://openalex.org/W2088453495","https://openalex.org/W2091814798","https://openalex.org/W2092142958","https://openalex.org/W2092416787","https://openalex.org/W2095343919","https://openalex.org/W2096015521","https://openalex.org/W2097175103","https://openalex.org/W2097847544","https://openalex.org/W2100770321","https://openalex.org/W2100845642","https://openalex.org/W2101131175","https://openalex.org/W2101154605","https://openalex.org/W2101743666","https://openalex.org/W2102510183","https://openalex.org/W2103490590","https://openalex.org/W2104294502","https://openalex.org/W2105161569","https://openalex.org/W2106536835","https://openalex.org/W2106697155","https://openalex.org/W2108548630","https://openalex.org/W2109950926","https://openalex.org/W2110016958","https://openalex.org/W2111287983","https://openalex.org/W2111937163","https://openalex.org/W2111982541","https://openalex.org/W2114910448","https://openalex.org/W2115499819","https://openalex.org/W2119917698","https://openalex.org/W2120401792","https://openalex.org/W2120628313","https://openalex.org/W2121745480","https://openalex.org/W2122077058","https://openalex.org/W2122714144","https://openalex.org/W2123375173","https://openalex.org/W2123375506","https://openalex.org/W2126204850","https://openalex.org/W2126229992","https://openalex.org/W2126531999","https://openalex.org/W2127054499","https://openalex.org/W2127543579","https://openalex.org/W2128718320","https://openalex.org/W2128925594","https://openalex.org/W2129028508","https://openalex.org/W2131927278","https://openalex.org/W2132054555","https://openalex.org/W2132124919","https://openalex.org/W2132343055","https://openalex.org/W2135306918","https://openalex.org/W2137315516","https://openalex.org/W2138439934","https://openalex.org/W2138731311","https://openalex.org/W2142629115","https://openalex.org/W2147911371","https://openalex.org/W2148875031","https://openalex.org/W2149379829","https://openalex.org/W2149395612","https://openalex.org/W2150132198","https://openalex.org/W2150714513","https://openalex.org/W2152188473","https://openalex.org/W2152888932","https://openalex.org/W2154650915","https://openalex.org/W2155569333","https://openalex.org/W2156605241","https://openalex.org/W2157698486","https://openalex.org/W2160571481","https://openalex.org/W2160957967","https://openalex.org/W2161818096","https://openalex.org/W2162530050","https://openalex.org/W2162742858","https://openalex.org/W2165841995","https://openalex.org/W2166138919","https://openalex.org/W2167938820","https://openalex.org/W2168703869","https://openalex.org/W2168804068","https://openalex.org/W2171030552","https://openalex.org/W2171470322","https://openalex.org/W2173954021","https://openalex.org/W2174858589","https://openalex.org/W2180765193","https://openalex.org/W2194593970","https://openalex.org/W2316046206","https://openalex.org/W2316732836","https://openalex.org/W2320167004","https://openalex.org/W2324823948","https://openalex.org/W2326888667","https://openalex.org/W2332003531","https://openalex.org/W2402917677","https://openalex.org/W2412051995","https://openalex.org/W4206248806","https://openalex.org/W4233035403","https://openalex.org/W4240622933","https://openalex.org/W4244560955","https://openalex.org/W4246633342","https://openalex.org/W4255924842","https://openalex.org/W4388251310","https://openalex.org/W6675219057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W563157655","https://openalex.org/W2127543579","https://openalex.org/W2127218107","https://openalex.org/W7098189909","https://openalex.org/W4246248534","https://openalex.org/W2000213633","https://openalex.org/W7096022890","https://openalex.org/W1588894789","https://openalex.org/W2057826634","https://openalex.org/W2472049090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Greater":[0],"than":[1],"70%":[2],"of":[3,52,80,87,94,150],"the":[4,92],"world's":[5],"amphibian":[6,23,44,53,133],"species":[7],"are":[8,47],"in":[9,96,132,158,178],"decline.":[10],"We":[11],"propose":[12],"that":[13,31,41,73,99,105,172],"there":[14],"is":[15,108,176],"probably":[16],"not":[17],"a":[18,27,78,84,153],"single":[19],"cause":[20,100],"for":[21,155],"global":[22,181],"declines":[24,76,134],"and":[25,35,38,56,122,162,169],"present":[26],"three-tiered":[28],"hierarchical":[29],"approach":[30],"addresses":[32],"interactions":[33],"among":[34],"between":[36],"ultimate":[37,114,170],"proximate":[39],"factors":[40,72,131,171],"contribute":[42,74],"to":[43,75,140,167],"declines.":[45],"There":[46],"two":[48],"immediate":[49],"(proximate)":[50],"causes":[51],"declines:":[54],"death":[55],"decreased":[57],"recruitment":[58,168],"(reproductive":[59],"failure).":[60],"Although":[61],"much":[62],"attention":[63,88,166],"has":[64,89],"focused":[65,90],"on":[66,91],"death,":[67,101],"few":[68],"studies":[69,145],"have":[70,137,146],"addressed":[71],"as":[77,128],"result":[79],"failed":[81],"recruitment.":[82,142],"Further,":[83,143],"great":[85],"deal":[86],"role":[93,154],"pathogens":[95,175],"inducing":[97],"diseases":[98],"but":[102],"we":[103],"suggest":[104],"pathogen":[106,160],"success":[107],"profoundly":[109],"affected":[110],"by":[111],"four":[112],"other":[113],"factors:":[115],"atmospheric":[116],"change,":[117],"environmental":[118,156],"pollutants,":[119],"habitat":[120],"modification":[121],"invasive":[123],"species.":[124],"Environmental":[125],"pollutants":[126],"arise":[127],"likely":[129],"important":[130,177],"because":[135],"they":[136],"realized":[138],"potential":[139],"affect":[141],"many":[144],"documented":[147],"immunosuppressive":[148],"effects":[149],"pesticides,":[151],"suggesting":[152],"contaminants":[157],"increased":[159],"virulence":[161],"disease":[163],"rates.":[164],"Increased":[165],"interact":[173],"with":[174],"addressing":[179],"this":[180],"crisis.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}