{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081319475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221948601900903","title":"Generalization of Spelling Strategies by LD Students as a Result of Contingent Imitation/Modeling and Mastery Criteria","display_name":"Generalization of Spelling Strategies by LD Students as a Result of Contingent Imitation/Modeling and Mastery Criteria","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081319475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221948601900903","mag":"2081319475","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3783037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/002221948601900903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221948601900903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221948601900903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26220619","display_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","issn_l":"0022-2194","issn":["0022-2194","1469-0047","1538-4780","2047-6108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088184579","display_name":"Michael M. Gerber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael M. Gerber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michael M. Gerber received his PhD from the University of Virginia, specializing in Special Education. He is currently an Associate Professor of Special Education in the Graduate School of Education at the University of California. Address: Michael Gerber, Special Education Program, Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michael M. Gerber received his PhD from the University of Virginia, specializing in Special Education. He is currently an Associate Professor of Special Education in the Graduate School of Education at the University of California. Address: Michael Gerber, Special Education Program, Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441","https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088184579"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441","https://openalex.org/I51556381"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4619,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89240506,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"9","first_page":"530","last_page":"537"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.5386000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.5386000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.4284999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling-instruction","display_name":"spelling instruction","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-disabilities","display_name":"learning disabilities","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imitation-modeling","display_name":"imitation modeling","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mastery-criteria","display_name":"mastery criteria","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"generalization","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dictation","display_name":"dictation","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling-acquisition","display_name":"spelling acquisition","score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.5210000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779077324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1087138","display_name":"Dictation","level":2,"score":0.9525138735771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.934314489364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126388530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131737","display_name":"Imitation","level":2,"score":0.7399343848228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.7090885639190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6712994575500488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4567587971687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.44635140895843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3595154583454132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3265343904495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.26282593607902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25520750880241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.19793274998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1606777012348175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11274519562721252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005793","descriptor_name":"Generalization, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007100","descriptor_name":"Imitative Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007859","descriptor_name":"Learning Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007859","descriptor_name":"Learning Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/002221948601900903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221948601900903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221948601900903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26220619","display_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","issn_l":"0022-2194","issn":["0022-2194","1469-0047","1538-4780","2047-6108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3783037","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3783037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of learning disabilities","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202926009","https://openalex.org/W261033843","https://openalex.org/W1491891968","https://openalex.org/W1591598348","https://openalex.org/W1969609977","https://openalex.org/W1979856815","https://openalex.org/W1992601048","https://openalex.org/W2012874411","https://openalex.org/W2017523204","https://openalex.org/W2018372775","https://openalex.org/W2047319496","https://openalex.org/W2069726771","https://openalex.org/W2093047980","https://openalex.org/W2129677706","https://openalex.org/W2141203236","https://openalex.org/W2161301074","https://openalex.org/W2162514379","https://openalex.org/W2170793313","https://openalex.org/W2505024173","https://openalex.org/W2728650522"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162514379","https://openalex.org/W1989220085","https://openalex.org/W2598656143","https://openalex.org/W2129725720","https://openalex.org/W83463597","https://openalex.org/W1975232005","https://openalex.org/W2147356843","https://openalex.org/W2086453201","https://openalex.org/W2061797973","https://openalex.org/W2084195704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eleven":[0],"learning":[1],"disabled":[2],"elementary":[3],"students":[4,154],"were":[5,40,146,155,167],"asked":[6],"to":[7,32,64,78,126,148,162,169,182],"attempt":[8],"spellings":[9,83,109],"of":[10,50,70,114,136,179],"unknown":[11],"words":[12,51,86],"using":[13],"a":[14,71],"standard":[15],"written":[16],"dictation":[17],"test":[18],"and":[19,129,142],"an":[20],"imitation-modeling":[21],"procedure":[22],"(Jobes,":[23],"1975;":[24],"Kauffman,":[25],"Hallahan,":[26],"Haas,":[27],"Brame,":[28],"&":[29],"Boren,":[30],"1978)":[31],"provide":[33],"corrective":[34],"feedback":[35],"but":[36,95],"minimal":[37,163],"instruction.":[38],"Dictations":[39],"repeated":[41],"until":[42],"100%":[43],"accuracy":[44],"was":[45,57],"achieved.":[46],"A":[47],"second":[48],"list":[49,73,125,181],"sharing":[52],"the":[53,88,111],"same":[54],"orthographic":[55],"features":[56,178],"then":[58],"administered":[59],"without":[60],"specific":[61,76],"instructions":[62,77],"designed":[63],"promote":[65],"generalization,":[66],"followed":[67],"by":[68],"administration":[69],"third":[72],"that":[74,93,150],"included":[75],"use":[79],"information":[80],"about":[81,176],"previous":[82],"in":[84,100,134],"attempting":[85],"on":[87,110,122],"new":[89,116],"list.":[90],"Results":[91],"showed":[92],"all":[94],"one":[96,180],"student":[97],"reached":[98],"mastery":[99],"fewer":[101,120],"than":[102],"10":[103],"trials,":[104],"subjects":[105,118,130],"obtained":[106],"more":[107],"correct":[108],"first":[112],"trial":[113],"each":[115,123],"list,":[117],"required":[119],"trials":[121,141],"successive":[124],"reach":[127],"criterion,":[128],"demonstrated":[131],"systematic":[132],"improvements":[133],"quality":[135],"spelling":[137,177],"attempts":[138],"across":[139],"both":[140],"lists.":[143],"The":[144],"data":[145],"interpreted":[147],"mean":[149],"when":[151],"these":[152],"LD":[153],"permitted":[156],"sufficient,":[157],"though":[158],"individually":[159],"variable,":[160],"exposure":[161],"correction":[164],"procedures,":[165],"they":[166],"able":[168],"spontaneously":[170],"generalize":[171],"what":[172],"had":[173],"been":[174],"learned":[175],"another.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}