{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081176640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107319119900600101","title":"Cross-Validation and Extension of the MMPI-A IMM Scale","display_name":"Cross-Validation and Extension of the MMPI-A IMM Scale","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081176640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107319119900600101","mag":"2081176640","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9971878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/107319119900600101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107319119900600101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107319119900600101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155907396","display_name":"Assessment","issn_l":"1073-1911","issn":["1073-1911","1552-3489"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Assessment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017424056","display_name":"Sandra Zinn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Zinn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel, Hill, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel, Hill, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048151586","display_name":"Stacey McCumber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stacey McCumber","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055014566","display_name":"W. Grant Dahlstrom","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Grant Dahlstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6943,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79163145,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13419","display_name":"Ego Development and Educational Practices","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mmpi-a","display_name":"MMPI-A","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ego-development","display_name":"ego development","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/washington-university-sentence-completion-test","display_name":"Washington University Sentence Completion Test","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-validation","display_name":"cross-validation","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undergraduate-students","display_name":"undergraduate students","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-assessment","display_name":"personality assessment","score":0.45500001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166523933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556298","display_name":"Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory","level":3,"score":0.94890296459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7924587726593018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.60305255651474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5898326635360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.4844391644001007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019714060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322514","display_name":"Validation test","level":4,"score":0.4844382107257843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779026634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475455","display_name":"Personality test","level":4,"score":0.4476288855075836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.43407049775123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.425925612449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116211729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372350","display_name":"Test validity","level":3,"score":0.35673701763153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.3018673062324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.21781760454177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.054903000593185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004532","descriptor_name":"Ego","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008950","descriptor_name":"MMPI","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/107319119900600101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107319119900600101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107319119900600101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155907396","display_name":"Assessment","issn_l":"1073-1911","issn":["1073-1911","1552-3489"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Assessment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9971878","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9971878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Assessment","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4043000042438507}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W619396411","https://openalex.org/W1559366889","https://openalex.org/W1576876753","https://openalex.org/W1920473403","https://openalex.org/W1968229753","https://openalex.org/W1977038629","https://openalex.org/W2054392269","https://openalex.org/W2089389064","https://openalex.org/W2090041610","https://openalex.org/W2410138444","https://openalex.org/W4240291090","https://openalex.org/W4254981888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054392269","https://openalex.org/W2948888861","https://openalex.org/W6996008235","https://openalex.org/W2018786316","https://openalex.org/W2064893751","https://openalex.org/W1989438149","https://openalex.org/W3194009924","https://openalex.org/W3129224057","https://openalex.org/W2170884513","https://openalex.org/W2053240254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Seventy-five":[0],"female":[1],"and":[2,38,70,108,112,117,127,132],"76":[3],"male":[4],"college":[5],"undergraduates":[6],"participated":[7],"in":[8,28,53,129],"a":[9,59,71],"cross-validation":[10],"of":[11,47,62,95],"the":[12,17,22,33,39,45,54,63,83,91,96,110,113,125,130,133],"IMM":[13,23,122],"scale,":[14],"developed":[15],"for":[16,81,85,124],"MMPI-A.":[18],"These":[19],"participants":[20],"completed":[21,58],"scale":[24],"which":[25],"was":[26,42,79],"scored":[27],"two":[29],"ways:":[30],"one":[31],"used":[32],"regular":[34],"MMPI-A":[35,131],"score,":[36],"IMMA,":[37],"other,":[40],"IMM2,":[41],"based":[43,89],"on":[44,90,120],"subset":[46],"these":[48],"items":[49],"that":[50],"also":[51,57],"appear":[52],"MMPI-2.":[55],"They":[56],"gender-appropriate":[60],"version":[61,94],"Washington":[64],"University":[65],"Sentence":[66],"Completion":[67],"Test":[68],"(WUSCT)":[69],"brief":[72],"biographical":[73],"questionnaire.":[74],"High":[75],"inter-rater":[76],"reliability":[77],"(.80)":[78],"established":[80],"scoring":[82,97],"WUSCT":[84],"ego":[86,105],"developmental":[87],"level":[88,106],"most":[92],"recent":[93],"format.":[98],"Statistically":[99],"significant":[100],"correlations":[101],"were":[102,138],"found":[103],"between":[104],"scores":[107],"both":[109,121],"IMMA":[111],"IMM2":[114],"scales.":[115],"Means":[116],"standard":[118],"deviations":[119],"scales":[123],"males":[126],"females":[128],"MMPI-2":[134],"restandardization":[135],"samples,":[136],"respectively,":[137],"obtained.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}