{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080914166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002281-200203000-00009","title":"Biology and biomechanics","display_name":"Biology and biomechanics","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080914166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002281-200203000-00009","mag":"2080914166","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11845017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00002281-200203000-00009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002281-200203000-00009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002281-200203000-00009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31702427","display_name":"Current Opinion in Rheumatology","issn_l":"1040-8711","issn":["1040-8711","1080-8175","1531-6963"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Opinion in Rheumatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054255291","display_name":"Volker Musahl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8881-6212","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8881-6212"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Volker Musahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA","Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alexander Lehner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Lehner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034908558","display_name":"Yasuhiko Watanabe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuhiko Watanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049912939","display_name":"Freddie H. Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-4269","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-4269"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Freddie H. Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA","to Freddie H. Fu, MD, Chairman and David Silver Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Kaufmann Bldg., Suite 1010, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","to Freddie H. Fu, MD, Chairman and David Silver Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Kaufmann Bldg., Suite 1010, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"to Freddie H. Fu, MD, Chairman and David Silver Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Kaufmann Bldg., Suite 1010, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"to Freddie H. Fu, MD, Chairman and David Silver Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Kaufmann Bldg., Suite 1010, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049912939"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3397,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70837309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"127","last_page":"133"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11068","display_name":"Tendon Structure and Treatment","score":0.5317000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11068","display_name":"Tendon Structure and Treatment","score":0.5317000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10442","display_name":"Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques","score":0.35519999265670776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11246","display_name":"Sports injuries and prevention","score":0.032099999487400055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-injuries","display_name":"sports injuries","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-injuries","display_name":"bone injuries","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-injuries","display_name":"joint injuries","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-tissue-injury","display_name":"soft tissue injury","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-therapy","display_name":"gene therapy","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-therapy","display_name":"cell therapy","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-engineering","display_name":"tissue engineering","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-healing","display_name":"fracture healing","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoarthritis-prevention","display_name":"osteoarthritis prevention","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-kinematics","display_name":"joint kinematics","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ligament-reconstruction","display_name":"ligament reconstruction","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graft-incorporation","display_name":"graft integration","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revascularization","display_name":"revascularization","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthopaedic-sports-medicine","display_name":"orthopaedic sports medicine","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"rehabilitation","score":0.7870000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170700871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193378","display_name":"Biomechanics","level":2,"score":0.7066354155540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779753412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39888","display_name":"Ligament","level":2,"score":0.5641748905181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5608984231948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.545615553855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96526673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4867047","display_name":"Basic science","level":2,"score":0.4476385712623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43893838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840545","display_name":"Sports medicine","level":2,"score":0.4250371754169464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3969068229198456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38738158345222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3226929306983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2896580994129181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2396036684513092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.13886898756027222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.11124211549758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001265","descriptor_name":"Athletic Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001265","descriptor_name":"Athletic Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007718","descriptor_name":"Knee Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007718","descriptor_name":"Knee Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007718","descriptor_name":"Knee Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013178","descriptor_name":"Sports Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019651","descriptor_name":"Plastic Surgery Procedures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00002281-200203000-00009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002281-200203000-00009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002281-200203000-00009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31702427","display_name":"Current Opinion in Rheumatology","issn_l":"1040-8711","issn":["1040-8711","1080-8175","1531-6963"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Opinion in Rheumatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11845017","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11845017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current opinion in rheumatology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76598284","https://openalex.org/W147451129","https://openalex.org/W181468102","https://openalex.org/W1661492308","https://openalex.org/W1714606843","https://openalex.org/W1875588079","https://openalex.org/W1892975808","https://openalex.org/W1894757226","https://openalex.org/W1896712005","https://openalex.org/W1910080913","https://openalex.org/W1912308653","https://openalex.org/W1915591379","https://openalex.org/W1929876874","https://openalex.org/W1938732208","https://openalex.org/W1943922617","https://openalex.org/W1954266614","https://openalex.org/W1957333803","https://openalex.org/W1968342690","https://openalex.org/W1971069709","https://openalex.org/W1971713335","https://openalex.org/W1974827313","https://openalex.org/W1980315840","https://openalex.org/W1982130141","https://openalex.org/W1984429829","https://openalex.org/W1985314406","https://openalex.org/W1997299213","https://openalex.org/W1998171247","https://openalex.org/W1998908194","https://openalex.org/W2002995739","https://openalex.org/W2004132584","https://openalex.org/W2004344726","https://openalex.org/W2004809001","https://openalex.org/W2007728949","https://openalex.org/W2016022651","https://openalex.org/W2017544519","https://openalex.org/W2024381105","https://openalex.org/W2024616348","https://openalex.org/W2024935667","https://openalex.org/W2029723752","https://openalex.org/W2032788174","https://openalex.org/W2034736027","https://openalex.org/W2035380715","https://openalex.org/W2043034230","https://openalex.org/W2048037026","https://openalex.org/W2058656906","https://openalex.org/W2060468651","https://openalex.org/W2063352721","https://openalex.org/W2063420128","https://openalex.org/W2063993024","https://openalex.org/W2064776165","https://openalex.org/W2067419001","https://openalex.org/W2068127654","https://openalex.org/W2078327597","https://openalex.org/W2083429285","https://openalex.org/W2088992735","https://openalex.org/W2089229056","https://openalex.org/W2098460396","https://openalex.org/W2100305113","https://openalex.org/W2100562749","https://openalex.org/W2107012275","https://openalex.org/W2118135984","https://openalex.org/W2120410243","https://openalex.org/W2128456927","https://openalex.org/W2139396216","https://openalex.org/W2144448130","https://openalex.org/W2147976122","https://openalex.org/W2148565119","https://openalex.org/W2150977817","https://openalex.org/W2153623499","https://openalex.org/W2153901410","https://openalex.org/W2158912633","https://openalex.org/W2168758477","https://openalex.org/W2172970218","https://openalex.org/W2173497140","https://openalex.org/W2178526791","https://openalex.org/W2226322137","https://openalex.org/W2267601869","https://openalex.org/W2271415991","https://openalex.org/W2272141925","https://openalex.org/W2311628287","https://openalex.org/W2409389850","https://openalex.org/W2415076549","https://openalex.org/W2806330910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169160123","https://openalex.org/W2026164646","https://openalex.org/W1999985791","https://openalex.org/W2543430997","https://openalex.org/W4249640051","https://openalex.org/W2369621821","https://openalex.org/W1966508535","https://openalex.org/W2936994154","https://openalex.org/W1943339244","https://openalex.org/W3029516058"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increased":[0],"participation":[1],"by":[2],"the":[3,30,58,69,85,98,142,172],"general":[4],"population":[5],"in":[6,43,57,84,97,162,179],"athletic":[7,100],"activities":[8],"leads":[9],"to":[10,13,50,80,109,119,155],"increased":[11],"trauma":[12],"bones,":[14],"joint":[15],"surfaces,":[16],"and":[17,21,45,65,74,124,130,139,151,175],"soft":[18],"tissues.":[19],"Management":[20],"treatment":[22],"of":[23,36,60,93,114,146,158],"these":[24],"injuries":[25],"has":[26,47,168],"significantly":[27],"improved":[28,81,120,144,156],"over":[29,171],"past":[31,173],"few":[32],"decades.":[33],"The":[34],"application":[35],"knowledge":[37],"gained":[38],"from":[39],"basic":[40],"science":[41],"research":[42,76,167],"biology":[44],"biomechanics":[46],"continuously":[48],"contributed":[49],"that.":[51],"Biological":[52],"advances":[53],"have":[54,106,136],"been":[55,107,137,169],"made":[56,108],"field":[59],"gene":[61],"therapy,":[62,64],"cell":[63],"tissue":[66],"engineering.":[67],"Certainly,":[68],"greatest":[70],"focus":[71],"is":[72],"bone":[73],"cartilage":[75],"that":[77,116],"will":[78,117,153,176],"lead":[79,118,154],"fracture":[82],"repair":[83],"traumatic":[86],"injured":[87,99],"population,":[88],"as":[89,91],"well":[90],"prevention":[92],"early":[94],"osteoarthritic":[95],"changes":[96],"population.":[101],"In":[102,141],"biomechanical":[103],"research,":[104],"contributions":[105],"further":[110],"understand":[111],"kinematic":[112],"behavior":[113],"joints":[115],"ligament":[121,133,147],"reconstruction":[122,134,160],"techniques":[123,129,135,161],"rehabilitation":[125],"regimens.":[126],"Various":[127],"fixation":[128],"several":[131],"different":[132],"studied":[138],"validated.":[140],"future,":[143],"understanding":[145],"healing,":[148],"graft":[149],"incorporation,":[150],"revascularization":[152],"outcome":[157],"surgical":[159],"orthopaedic":[163],"sports":[164],"medicine.":[165],"Exciting":[166],"performed":[170],"years":[174],"be":[177],"reviewed":[178],"this":[180],"article.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}