{"id":"https://openalex.org/W208044923","doi":null,"title":"Susceptibility genes for gentamicin-induced vestibular dysfunction.","display_name":"Susceptibility genes for gentamicin-induced vestibular dysfunction.","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W208044923","mag":"208044923","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18776599","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2581796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:18776599","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18776599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2581796","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006008613","display_name":"Stephen M. Roth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-3695","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-3695"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen M Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2611, USA. sroth1@umd.edu","Dept. of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2611, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2611, USA. sroth1@umd.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2611, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005123641","display_name":"Scott M. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4835-9544","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4835-9544"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott M Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101875588","display_name":"Lan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-3661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-3661","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8912-877X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4048-8410","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1897-2009"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078701707","display_name":"Kalapurakkal S. Menon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalapurakkal S Menon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050166261","display_name":"John J. Jeka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3209","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3209","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-394X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John J Jeka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6557,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70351302,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"59","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10542","display_name":"Vestibular and auditory disorders","score":0.6401000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10542","display_name":"Vestibular and auditory disorders","score":0.6401000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10334","display_name":"Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics","score":0.302700012922287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.024700000882148743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gentamicin","display_name":"gentamicin","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aminoglycoside-ototoxicity","display_name":"aminoglycoside ototoxicity","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vestibular-dysfunction","display_name":"vestibular dysfunction","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/susceptibility-genes","display_name":"susceptibility genes","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nos3","display_name":"NOS3","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endothelial-nitric-oxide-synthase","display_name":"endothelial nitric oxide synthase","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-gene-interaction","display_name":"gene-gene interaction","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buccal-cell-dna","display_name":"buccal cell DNA","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance-disorders","display_name":"balance disorders","score":0.6449999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190041318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596832","display_name":"Vestibular system","level":2,"score":0.6564612984657288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.5733994245529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778534666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1351381","display_name":"Ototoxicity","level":4,"score":0.5629594326019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4924379289150238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775832221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422482","display_name":"Gentamicin","level":3,"score":0.45230937004089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4501391351222992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69991583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423575","display_name":"Candidate gene","level":3,"score":0.4288373589515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3922656774520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.3828151524066925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2957548499107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.20839828252792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.1687329113483429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Chemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.07113045454025269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778239845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412415","display_name":"Cisplatin","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004856","descriptor_name":"Postural Balance","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005839","descriptor_name":"Gentamicins","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005982","descriptor_name":"Glutathione Transferase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011110","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012678","descriptor_name":"Sensation Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012678","descriptor_name":"Sensation Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015837","descriptor_name":"Vestibular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015837","descriptor_name":"Vestibular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016555","descriptor_name":"Matched-Pair Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020022","descriptor_name":"Genetic Predisposition to Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051549","descriptor_name":"Glutathione S-Transferase pi","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D052250","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:18776599","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18776599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2581796","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2581796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Vestib Res","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:208044923","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18776599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2581796","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2581796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Vestib Res","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3530500136","display_name":"Genetic Aspects of Vestibular Dysfunction","funder_award_id":"5r21ns046021-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512314517","https://openalex.org/W1599154571","https://openalex.org/W1973072324","https://openalex.org/W1974866093","https://openalex.org/W1976346227","https://openalex.org/W1976515032","https://openalex.org/W1978156415","https://openalex.org/W1979902898","https://openalex.org/W1989310986","https://openalex.org/W1996777308","https://openalex.org/W2012574221","https://openalex.org/W2015229694","https://openalex.org/W2024216342","https://openalex.org/W2035185196","https://openalex.org/W2037549986","https://openalex.org/W2047083034","https://openalex.org/W2047770131","https://openalex.org/W2049694172","https://openalex.org/W2057013364","https://openalex.org/W2060782368","https://openalex.org/W2063919832","https://openalex.org/W2065312645","https://openalex.org/W2070730409","https://openalex.org/W2070939208","https://openalex.org/W2071277317","https://openalex.org/W2076220518","https://openalex.org/W2080766847","https://openalex.org/W2083657982","https://openalex.org/W2086286256","https://openalex.org/W2089507134","https://openalex.org/W2134410122","https://openalex.org/W2143414510","https://openalex.org/W2154572047","https://openalex.org/W2155607839","https://openalex.org/W2165508239","https://openalex.org/W2166322166","https://openalex.org/W2239855456","https://openalex.org/W2322402381","https://openalex.org/W2429568232","https://openalex.org/W2485533614","https://openalex.org/W2494119518","https://openalex.org/W4300842729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293795085","https://openalex.org/W2424525428","https://openalex.org/W2014344014","https://openalex.org/W3036420271","https://openalex.org/W199855956","https://openalex.org/W2083835079","https://openalex.org/W7043974239","https://openalex.org/W4402508275","https://openalex.org/W2958183027","https://openalex.org/W2037575079"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Approximately":[1],"5%":[2],"of":[3,108,160,187],"patients":[4],"administered":[5],"gentamicin":[6],"(GM),":[7],"an":[8],"aminoglycoside":[9],"antibiotic,":[10],"experience":[11],"vestibular":[12,31,53,70,147,176,200],"ototoxicity":[13],"resulting":[14],"in":[15,90,101],"balance":[16,73],"dysfunction.":[17,201],"In":[18],"the":[19,114,137,170],"present":[20],"study,":[21],"we":[22],"sought":[23],"to":[24,56,198],"identify":[25],"susceptibility":[26,197],"genes":[27,94,194],"associated":[28,144],"with":[29,145],"GM-induced":[30,146,175,199],"dysfunction":[32,54,71,148,177],"using":[33],"a":[34,156],"case/control":[35],"design.":[36],"METHODS:":[37],"White":[38],"cases":[39],"(n=137;":[40],"55":[41],"men,":[42,62],"82":[43],"women)":[44,64],"were":[45,65,78,95],"recruited":[46],"based":[47,104],"on":[48,105],"physician-confirmed":[49],"unilateral":[50],"or":[51,72],"bilateral":[52],"attributed":[55],"GM":[57],"administration.":[58],"Controls":[59],"(n=126;":[60],"54":[61],"72":[63],"healthy,":[66],"age-matched":[67],"individuals":[68],"without":[69],"impairment.":[74],"Buccal":[75],"cell":[76],"samples":[77],"obtained":[79],"from":[80],"all":[81],"subjects":[82],"and":[83,133,165],"DNA":[84],"was":[85],"genotyped":[86],"for":[87,98,119,174],"15":[88],"polymorphisms":[89],"9":[91],"genes.":[92,128],"Candidate":[93],"identified":[96],"primarily":[97],"their":[99],"roles":[100],"oxidative":[102,192],"stress":[103],"predicted":[106],"mechanisms":[107],"gentamicin-induced":[109],"ototoxicity.":[110],"Statistical":[111],"analyses":[112,135],"included":[113],"multi-dimensionality":[115],"reduction":[116],"(MDR)":[117],"method":[118],"identifying":[120],"gene":[121,123,132],"x":[122],"interactions":[124],"across":[125],"multiple":[126],"candidate":[127],"RESULTS:":[129],"Both":[130],"single":[131],"MDR":[134,153],"revealed":[136,155],"NOS3":[138,161],"(ENOS)":[139],"p.Glu298Asp":[140],"polymorphism":[141],"as":[142],"significantly":[143],"(both":[149],"p":[150],"<or=":[151],"0.03).":[152],"analysis":[154],"three-gene":[157],"combination,":[158],"consisting":[159],"(p.Glu298Asp),":[162],"GSTZ1":[163],"(p.Lys32Glu),":[164],"GSTP1":[166],"(p.Ile105Val),":[167],"that":[168,185],"provided":[169],"highest":[171],"predictive":[172],"model":[173],"(64%":[178],"accuracy;":[179],"p=0.009).":[180],"CONCLUSIONS:":[181],"The":[182],"results":[183],"indicate":[184],"carriers":[186],"risk":[188],"alleles":[189],"at":[190],"three":[191],"stress-related":[193],"have":[195],"increased":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
