{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080244539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2008.00539.x","title":"Who? Where? What? When? Why? How? Question words \u2013 What do they mean?","display_name":"Who? Where? What? When? Why? How? Question words \u2013 What do they mean?","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080244539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2008.00539.x","mag":"2080244539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-3156.2008.00539.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2008.00539.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2008.00539.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7617862","display_name":"British Journal of Learning Disabilities","issn_l":"0261-9997","issn":["0261-9997","1354-4187","1468-3156","2056-8134"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Learning Disabilities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058498258","display_name":"Michelle F. Morgan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle F. Morgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Education, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. (E\u2010mail: s4015821@student.uq.edu.au)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Education, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. (E\u2010mail: s4015821@student.uq.edu.au)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052289004","display_name":"Karen Moni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-9030","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-9030"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen B. Moni","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Education, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. (E\u2010mail: s4015821@student.uq.edu.au)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Education, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. (E\u2010mail: s4015821@student.uq.edu.au)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029193381","display_name":"Anne Jobling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-1899","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-1899"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Jobling","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Education, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. (E\u2010mail: s4015821@student.uq.edu.au)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Education, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. (E\u2010mail: s4015821@student.uq.edu.au)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"apc_list":{"value":3120,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3120},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.94,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82160709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"3","first_page":"178","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.8359000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.8359000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11015","display_name":"Down syndrome and intellectual disability research","score":0.14270000159740448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-words","display_name":"question words","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"reading comprehension","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/down-syndrome","display_name":"Down syndrome","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-disabilities","display_name":"learning disabilities","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adults","display_name":"young adults","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy","display_name":"literacy","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension-strategies","display_name":"comprehension strategies","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/questioning-strategies","display_name":"questioning strategies","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assessment","display_name":"assessment","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retelling","display_name":"retelling","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"intervention","score":0.3720000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6749566793441772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.647021472454071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.6366937756538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.585598349571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.5581555366516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.5531010627746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.5404636859893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5013880729675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15107229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860740","display_name":"Learning disability","level":2,"score":0.49392348527908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4403672516345978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.32003799080848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3187170624732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.29806020855903625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.22831693291664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-3156.2008.00539.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2008.00539.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2008.00539.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7617862","display_name":"British Journal of Learning Disabilities","issn_l":"0261-9997","issn":["0261-9997","1354-4187","1468-3156","2056-8134"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Learning Disabilities","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87800409","https://openalex.org/W95709351","https://openalex.org/W122862217","https://openalex.org/W149817702","https://openalex.org/W188446325","https://openalex.org/W192204940","https://openalex.org/W401563302","https://openalex.org/W1499637353","https://openalex.org/W1655850657","https://openalex.org/W1971190973","https://openalex.org/W1977194118","https://openalex.org/W1979442814","https://openalex.org/W1994146691","https://openalex.org/W2009531388","https://openalex.org/W2016738977","https://openalex.org/W2039247718","https://openalex.org/W2068116086","https://openalex.org/W2070238150","https://openalex.org/W2090085942","https://openalex.org/W2129153916","https://openalex.org/W2135943618","https://openalex.org/W2154495042","https://openalex.org/W2163028944","https://openalex.org/W2312310973","https://openalex.org/W2329040514","https://openalex.org/W2528859357","https://openalex.org/W2551582352","https://openalex.org/W2796959406","https://openalex.org/W4302313919","https://openalex.org/W4388250340"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2892202079","https://openalex.org/W4311880940","https://openalex.org/W1971616803","https://openalex.org/W428457880","https://openalex.org/W7101040662","https://openalex.org/W7216877030","https://openalex.org/W2282974776","https://openalex.org/W6889918460","https://openalex.org/W2909250347","https://openalex.org/W2055273362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accessible":[0],"summary":[1],"This":[2,63,81,166,181],"paper":[3],"is":[4,43,60,83,102,129,261],"about:":[5],"A":[6],"teaching":[7,285],"program":[8],"to":[9,15,38,52,57,69,74,121,174,185,200,225,280,295],"help":[10,53,70,97],"people":[11],"with":[12,55,72,87,110,145,152],"learning":[13,191],"disabilities":[14,56,73,88],"understand":[16,58,75,100,175],"the":[17,20,47,76,91,138,161,172,176,232,236,239,248,262,271,293],"meanings":[18,48,77,92,177,237,272],"of":[19,30,49,78,93,140,148,163,178,207,212,220,234,238,250,264,273],"question":[21,36,50,79,94,179,240],"wordswho,":[22,241],"where,":[23,242],"what,":[24,243],"when,":[25,244],"why":[26,245],"and":[27,116,120,127,192,217,222,246,260,287],"how.":[28],"Part":[29],"a":[31,146,156,168,284],"research":[32,82,135],"project":[33],"which":[34],"used":[35],"words":[37,51,95,275],"improve":[39],"understanding":[40,90,235,252],"about":[41,113,124],"what":[42,59,101,128],"being":[44,61,103,130],"read.":[45,62,131],"Teaching":[46],"learners":[54,71,86,294],"programme":[64],"will":[65,96],"show":[66],"teachers":[67],"how":[68],"words.":[80,180],"important":[84],"for":[85],"because":[89],"them":[98],"to:":[99],"read;":[104],"answer":[105,296],"questions;":[106],"complete":[107],"assessments;":[108,205],"communicate":[109],"others;":[111],"remember":[112],"past":[114,215],"experiences":[115,126,216],"things":[117],"already":[118],"known":[119],"tell":[122],"others":[123],"personal":[125],"Summary":[132],"An":[133,227],"action":[134],"investigation":[136],"into":[137],"use":[139],"specific":[141],"reading":[142,164,255],"comprehension":[143],"strategies":[144],"group":[147],"six":[149],"young":[150],"adults":[151],"Down":[153],"syndrome":[154],"revealed":[155],"previously":[157],"undocumented":[158],"finding":[159],"in":[160,254],"area":[162],"comprehension.":[165],"was":[167,183,257],"uniform":[169],"deficit":[170,182],"among":[171],"participants":[173],"shown":[184],"have":[186],"negative":[187],"implications":[188],"on":[189,204,231],"literacy":[190],"assessment.":[193],"For":[194],"example,":[195],"it":[196],"affected":[197],"their":[198,223],"responses":[199,203],"strategic":[201],"questioning;":[202],"maintenance":[206],"coherent,":[208],"responsive":[209],"dialogue;":[210],"recall":[211],"prior":[213,279],"knowledge,":[214],"texts;":[218],"construction":[219],"meaning":[221],"ability":[224],"retell.":[226],"intervention":[228],"that":[229,270,291],"focussed":[230],"development":[233],"howand":[247],"application":[249],"such":[251],"specifically":[253],"comprehension,":[256],"successfully":[258],"implemented":[259],"focus":[263],"this":[265],"paper.":[266],"The":[267],"findings":[268],"suggest":[269],"Question":[274],"should":[276],"be":[277],"taught":[278],"using":[281],"questioning":[282],"as":[283],"strategy,":[286],"before":[288],"administering":[289],"assessments":[290],"require":[292],"questions.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}