{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080240018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0894-4105.16.3.327","title":"Abstract reasoning in autism: A disassociation between concept formation and concept identification.","display_name":"Abstract reasoning in autism: A disassociation between concept formation and concept identification.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080240018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0894-4105.16.3.327","mag":"2080240018","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12146680"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037//0894-4105.16.3.327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0894-4105.16.3.327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0894-4105.16.3.327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97426521","display_name":"Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0894-4105","issn":["0894-4105","1931-1559"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-abstract","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010132043","display_name":"Nancy J. Minshew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7875-1929","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7875-1929"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801301638","display_name":"Rambam Health Care Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/01fm87m50","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801301638"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91203450","display_name":"University of Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/02f009v59","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy J. Minshew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Rambam Medical Center and University of Haifa, Israel","U Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Rambam Medical Center and University of Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301638","https://openalex.org/I91203450"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057505752","display_name":"Jessica A. Meyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-3643","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-3643"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["U Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006004425","display_name":"G\u00e9rald Goldstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133905","display_name":"VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/02qm18h86","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210133905","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Goldstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Research Service, Pittsburgh, PA, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Research Service, Pittsburgh, PA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133905"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":239,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"327","last_page":"334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-thinking","display_name":"abstract thinking","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-formation","display_name":"concept formation","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-recognition","display_name":"concept identification","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"cognitive impairment","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wisconsin-card-sorting-test","display_name":"Wisconsin Card Sorting Test","score":0.8999999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8145004510879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.7455103993415833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6658420562744141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.5586701035499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.42484885454177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.41335296630859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4072864353656769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.31706130504608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001321","descriptor_name":"Autistic Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003072","descriptor_name":"Cognition Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003072","descriptor_name":"Cognition Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003210","descriptor_name":"Concept Formation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005163","descriptor_name":"Factor Analysis, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014145","descriptor_name":"Trail Making Test","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014888","descriptor_name":"Wechsler Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016002","descriptor_name":"Discriminant Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037//0894-4105.16.3.327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0894-4105.16.3.327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0894-4105.16.3.327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97426521","display_name":"Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0894-4105","issn":["0894-4105","1931-1559"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037/0894-4105.16.3.327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.16.3.327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.16.3.327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97426521","display_name":"Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0894-4105","issn":["0894-4105","1931-1559"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12146680","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12146680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychology","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:38270","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/38270/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychology , 16 pp. 327-334. (2002)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4890223670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HD35469","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7095676414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NS33355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25588627","https://openalex.org/W122720764","https://openalex.org/W156608062","https://openalex.org/W160673500","https://openalex.org/W598331151","https://openalex.org/W611723161","https://openalex.org/W630871041","https://openalex.org/W1513872382","https://openalex.org/W1899215478","https://openalex.org/W1964028885","https://openalex.org/W1969547283","https://openalex.org/W1969970892","https://openalex.org/W1975228824","https://openalex.org/W1976584075","https://openalex.org/W1980309199","https://openalex.org/W1998090778","https://openalex.org/W1999261641","https://openalex.org/W2029590687","https://openalex.org/W2031852082","https://openalex.org/W2043653988","https://openalex.org/W2045047633","https://openalex.org/W2054593829","https://openalex.org/W2055369770","https://openalex.org/W2062665923","https://openalex.org/W2074183460","https://openalex.org/W2089466641","https://openalex.org/W2090275718","https://openalex.org/W2093290789","https://openalex.org/W2095824924","https://openalex.org/W2104667440","https://openalex.org/W2109079938","https://openalex.org/W2158065450","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2194991572","https://openalex.org/W2316815563","https://openalex.org/W2465790634","https://openalex.org/W2784359719","https://openalex.org/W2808339913","https://openalex.org/W2970017660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7073538367","https://openalex.org/W2625030571","https://openalex.org/W2171108475","https://openalex.org/W1995189962","https://openalex.org/W2132306215","https://openalex.org/W2167129057","https://openalex.org/W1969208771","https://openalex.org/W2012136572","https://openalex.org/W1994995879","https://openalex.org/W3082876869"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"concept":[1,4,33,39,85,96,99,125,133],"identification":[2,40,86,100,134],"and":[3,19,55,98],"formation":[5,34,97,126],"aspects":[6],"of":[7,71,124,130],"abstract":[8,64],"reasoning":[9,65],"were":[10,88],"examined":[11],"in":[12,106,112],"90":[13],"nonmentally":[14],"retarded":[15],"individuals":[16,52,56],"with":[17,53,68],"autism":[18,54,108],"107":[20],"normal":[21],"controls.":[22],"It":[23],"was":[24,47],"hypothesized":[25],"that":[26,95,121],"pronounced":[27],"deficits":[28],"would":[29,42],"be":[30,43],"found":[31],"on":[32,38,62,84,103],"tests,":[35],"whereas":[36,132],"performance":[37],"tests":[41,87,123],"relatively":[44],"intact.":[45],"There":[46],"a":[48,58],"significant":[49],"difference":[50],"between":[51],"from":[57],"matched":[59],"control":[60,114],"group":[61,109],"all":[63],"tasks,":[66],"but,":[67],"the":[69,72,107,113,139],"exception":[70],"Wisconsin":[73],"Card":[74],"Sorting":[75],"Test":[76],"(R.":[77],"K.":[78],"Heaton":[79],"et":[80],"al.,":[81],"1993),":[82],"differences":[83],"not":[89,111,137],"clinically":[90],"significant.":[91],"Factor":[92],"analyses":[93,119],"showed":[94],"tasks":[101,135],"loaded":[102],"separate":[104],"factors":[105],"but":[110],"group.":[115],"Stepwise":[116],"discriminant":[117],"function":[118],"revealed":[120],"2":[122],"correctly":[127],"classified":[128],"78.4%":[129],"cases,":[131],"did":[136],"pass":[138],"tolerance":[140],"test.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}