{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080174675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2208455","title":"The Crisis of American Labor: Operation Dixie and the Defeat of the CIO.","display_name":"The Crisis of American Labor: Operation Dixie and the Defeat of the CIO.","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080174675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2208455","mag":"2080174675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2208455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2208455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2208455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119035484","display_name":"The Journal of Southern History","issn_l":"0022-4642","issn":["0022-4642","2325-6893"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316357","host_organization_name":"Southern Historical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316357"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Southern Historical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Southern History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://openresearchlibrary.org/viewer/6e94b425-14e5-4ea7-8046-35729840b8ad","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031186772","display_name":"Robert H. Zieger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert H. Zieger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062980343","display_name":"Barbara S. Griffith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara S. Griffith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7706,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85489037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"3","first_page":"519","last_page":"519"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12765","display_name":"Race, History, and American Society","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14494","display_name":"American Literature and Culture","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congress-of-industrial-organizations","display_name":"Congress of Industrial Organizations","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-united-states","display_name":"Southern United States","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/union-organizing","display_name":"union organizing","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-movement","display_name":"labor movement","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postwar-labor-movement","display_name":"postwar labor movement","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-relations","display_name":"race relations","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy","display_name":"political economy","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-relations","display_name":"labor relations","score":0.33799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.47683683037757874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.338030606508255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.33105701208114624}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2208455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2208455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2208455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119035484","display_name":"The Journal of Southern History","issn_l":"0022-4642","issn":["0022-4642","2325-6893"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316357","host_organization_name":"Southern Historical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316357"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Southern Historical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Southern History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:biblioboard.com:6e94b425-14e5-4ea7-8046-35729840b8ad","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openresearchlibrary.org/viewer/6e94b425-14e5-4ea7-8046-35729840b8ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401131","display_name":"BiblioBoard Library Catalog (Open Research Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MODID-7eecac872fc:University of Hawai'i Press","raw_type":"BOOK"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:biblioboard.com:6e94b425-14e5-4ea7-8046-35729840b8ad","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openresearchlibrary.org/viewer/6e94b425-14e5-4ea7-8046-35729840b8ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401131","display_name":"BiblioBoard Library Catalog (Open Research Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MODID-7eecac872fc:University of Hawai'i Press","raw_type":"BOOK"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.48510000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082272905","https://openalex.org/W3010816605","https://openalex.org/W4254537525","https://openalex.org/W2480902300","https://openalex.org/W2605997372","https://openalex.org/W2994525106","https://openalex.org/W2277101880","https://openalex.org/W7062349110","https://openalex.org/W4232337286","https://openalex.org/W778860969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Operation":[0,94,182],"Dixie\u2014the":[1],"attempt":[2],"by":[3],"the":[4,12,16,27,40,51,58,63,82,87,91,97,106,123,127,136,141,144,149,153,156,174,207,210,212],"Congress":[5],"of":[6,90,93,116,122,135,143,209],"Industrial":[7],"Organizations":[8],"(CIO)":[9],"to":[10,37,49,61,101,132,160,206],"unionize":[11],"postwar":[13],"South\u2014was":[14],"on":[15],"defensive":[17],"almost":[18],"as":[19,21,65,176,178,198],"soon":[20],"it":[22],"began":[23],"in":[24,81,112,126,140,173],"1946.":[25],"Although":[26],"South":[28,64],"had":[29,55],"a":[30,44,66],"longstanding":[31],"reputation":[32],"for":[33,69,109],"being":[34],"particularly":[35],"unreceptive":[36],"organized":[38,110],"labor,":[39],"CIO":[41],"decided":[42],"that":[43,99],"Southern":[45,186],"drive":[46,154],"was":[47,205],"necessary":[48],"consolidate":[50],"considerable":[52],"gains":[53],"unions":[54],"made":[56],"during":[57],"war":[59],"and":[60,77,104,155,170,185,196,215],"remove":[62],"non-union":[67],"haven":[68],"\"runaway\"":[70],"Northern":[71],"businesses.":[72],"Through":[73],"extensive":[74,164],"archival":[75],"research":[76],"interviews":[78,179,192],"with":[79,180],"participants":[80],"struggle,":[83],"Barbara":[84],"Griffith":[85,162],"presents":[86],"dramatic":[88],"account":[89],"failure":[92],"Dixie,":[95],"examines":[96],"factors":[98],"contributed":[100],"its":[102],"defeat,":[103],"specifies":[105],"ominous":[107],"consequences":[108],"labor":[111,171],"America.":[113],"The":[114,188],"Crisis":[115],"American":[117],"Labor":[118],"offers":[119],"an":[120],"overview":[121],"entire":[124],"effort":[125],"twelve-state":[128],"region":[129],"from":[130,166,190],"1946":[131],"1953.":[133],"Much":[134],"story":[137],"is":[138],"told":[139],"words":[142],"people":[145],"who":[146,151],"were":[147],"involved:":[148],"organizers":[150,169,184],"staffed":[152],"employees":[157],"they":[158,199],"hoped":[159],"convince.":[161],"includes":[163],"extracts":[165],"correspondence":[167],"between":[168],"leaders":[172],"North":[175],"well":[177],"retired":[181],"Dixie":[183],"workers.":[187],"excerpts":[189],"these":[191],"are":[193],"both":[194],"enlightening":[195],"poignant,":[197],"show":[200],"how":[201],"important":[202],"this":[203],"defeat":[204],"evolution":[208],"South,":[211],"political":[213],"economy,":[214],"race":[216],"relations.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}