{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080153496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164490504003","title":"Individual- and Group-Directed Leader Behavior Descriptions","display_name":"Individual- and Group-Directed Leader Behavior Descriptions","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080153496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164490504003","mag":"2080153496"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0013164490504003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164490504003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164490504003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176831015","display_name":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","issn_l":"0013-1644","issn":["0013-1644","1552-3888"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087106540","display_name":"Francis J. Yammarino","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francis J. Yammarino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Leadership Studies and School of Management, State University of New York at Binghamton"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Leadership Studies and School of Management, State University of New York at Binghamton","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087106540"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93758669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"4","first_page":"739","last_page":"759"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.6089000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.6089000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.07280000299215317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.05959999933838844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initiating-structure","display_name":"initiating structure","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences","display_name":"individual differences","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-differences","display_name":"group differences","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-levels-of-analysis","display_name":"multiple levels of analysis","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisory-control","display_name":"supervisory control","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward-satisfaction","display_name":"reward satisfaction","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-ambiguity","display_name":"role ambiguity","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effort","display_name":"effort","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisor-satisfaction","display_name":"supervisor satisfaction","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement-officers","display_name":"law enforcement officers","score":0.8360000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7390108108520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779110517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1240788","display_name":"Supervisor","level":2,"score":0.5977248549461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5860308408737183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.5600820779800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.4839777946472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4754445552825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.111469566822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0013164490504003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164490504003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164490504003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176831015","display_name":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","issn_l":"0013-1644","issn":["0013-1644","1552-3888"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5473999977111816,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W416792545","https://openalex.org/W648548719","https://openalex.org/W1753472752","https://openalex.org/W1987970622","https://openalex.org/W1988682021","https://openalex.org/W1996902395","https://openalex.org/W2006080084","https://openalex.org/W2011266879","https://openalex.org/W2014847711","https://openalex.org/W2020371080","https://openalex.org/W2026867303","https://openalex.org/W2027295237","https://openalex.org/W2030952835","https://openalex.org/W2052877371","https://openalex.org/W2059357357","https://openalex.org/W2066343366","https://openalex.org/W2067357657","https://openalex.org/W2106260192","https://openalex.org/W2110158827","https://openalex.org/W2128398900","https://openalex.org/W2163808700","https://openalex.org/W2316432082","https://openalex.org/W2977665743","https://openalex.org/W4235058726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052877371","https://openalex.org/W2035437184","https://openalex.org/W2021129235","https://openalex.org/W4241693885","https://openalex.org/W656561269","https://openalex.org/W1527211689","https://openalex.org/W1993460291","https://openalex.org/W242038612","https://openalex.org/W2123466384","https://openalex.org/W2333581656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Relationships":[0],"among":[1],"individual-":[2,43,66,88],"and":[3,10,36,44,61,67,81,89,95],"group-directed":[4,45,68,90],"measures":[5,46,69,91,106],"of":[6,19,22,27,47,70,92,96,105,110,123],"leader":[7,111],"behavior":[8,112],"descriptions":[9,113],"five":[11],"variables":[12,118],"were":[13,40,63,114],"examined":[14],"with":[15,38,42,65,83,87,116],"an":[16],"explicit":[17],"consideration":[18,71,97],"multiple":[20],"levels":[21,122],"analysis.":[23,124],"In":[24],"a":[25],"sample":[26],"law":[28],"enforcement":[29],"personnel,":[30],"results":[31],"indicated":[32],"that":[33],"supervisor":[34,84],"control":[35],"satisfaction":[37,82],"rewards":[39],"associated":[41,64,86],"initiating":[48,93],"structure":[49,94],"based":[50,72,98,119],"on":[51,73,99,120],"differences":[52,74],"between":[53,75],"groups,":[54,76],"but":[55,77],"not":[56,78],"within":[57,79],"groups;":[58,80],"role":[59],"ambiguity":[60],"effort":[62],"was":[85],"individual":[100],"differences.":[101],"Thus,":[102],"different":[103,121],"forms":[104],"(individual-":[107],"or":[108],"group-directed)":[109],"correlated":[115],"other":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}