{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080089375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.878879","title":"Growth in the Middle East and North Africa","display_name":"Growth in the Middle East and North Africa","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080089375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.878879","mag":"2080089375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5089/9781451847734.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451847734.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451847734.001","pdf_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/001/2004/056/001.2004.issue-056-en.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171147","display_name":"IMF Working Paper","issn_l":"1018-5941","issn":["1018-5941","2227-8885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IMF Working Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/001/2004/056/001.2004.issue-056-en.xml","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013235528","display_name":"Dalia S. Hakura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-1021","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-1021"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310145890","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/05m4rmw09","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dalia Hakura","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Monetary Fund (IMF), 700 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20431, United States","International Monetary Fund (IMF)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund (IMF), 700 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20431, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund (IMF)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013235528"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.818,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.980019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2004","issue":"056","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.885699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.885699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13867","display_name":"Economic Growth and Development","score":0.07590000331401825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.016200000420212746,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-east-and-north-africa","display_name":"Middle East and North Africa","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-revenue","display_name":"oil revenue","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-size","display_name":"government size","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-diversification","display_name":"economic diversification","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-quality","display_name":"institutional quality","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-instability","display_name":"political instability","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gulf-cooperation-council","display_name":"Gulf Cooperation Council","score":0.8130000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3651065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204","display_name":"Middle East","level":2,"score":0.8375180959701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180916674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711935","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","level":2,"score":0.7312126755714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.5779888033866882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.5760168433189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.5065513849258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4857076108455658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992835060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106442","display_name":"Political instability","level":3,"score":0.462685227394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76775654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27231","display_name":"East Asia","level":3,"score":0.4620939791202545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.41629600524902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.3802940547466278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3730860948562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.35799723863601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.3372853994369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.25645047426223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24061265587806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.22980669140815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5089/9781451847734.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451847734.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451847734.001","pdf_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/001/2004/056/001.2004.issue-056-en.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171147","display_name":"IMF Working Paper","issn_l":"1018-5941","issn":["1018-5941","2227-8885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IMF Working Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.878879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.878879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.878879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:2080089375","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=878879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3121439623","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/imfimfwpa/04_2f56.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2004/056","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.aspx?sk=17283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033730242","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF001/02965-9781451847734/02965-9781451847734/02965-9781451847734.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3123945865","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2004/wp0456.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5089/9781451847734.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451847734.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451847734.001","pdf_url":"https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/journals/001/2004/056/001.2004.issue-056-en.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171147","display_name":"IMF Working Paper","issn_l":"1018-5941","issn":["1018-5941","2227-8885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316166","host_organization_name":"International Monetary Fund","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316166","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Monetary Fund","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IMF Working Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6452000141143799,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2080089375.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2080089375.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39021791","https://openalex.org/W368721344","https://openalex.org/W1541914996","https://openalex.org/W1572920237","https://openalex.org/W1605609733","https://openalex.org/W1606377008","https://openalex.org/W1991128340","https://openalex.org/W2004400742","https://openalex.org/W2010235856","https://openalex.org/W2011474190","https://openalex.org/W2017755093","https://openalex.org/W2030768727","https://openalex.org/W2041692102","https://openalex.org/W2066823663","https://openalex.org/W2075969238","https://openalex.org/W2078042761","https://openalex.org/W2097493108","https://openalex.org/W2105278501","https://openalex.org/W2116047968","https://openalex.org/W2120984451","https://openalex.org/W2133637048","https://openalex.org/W2133771254","https://openalex.org/W2312587617","https://openalex.org/W2493952804","https://openalex.org/W2890833508","https://openalex.org/W2891947463","https://openalex.org/W2910573377","https://openalex.org/W2924548145","https://openalex.org/W2956115156","https://openalex.org/W3122305536","https://openalex.org/W3122705141","https://openalex.org/W3123490860","https://openalex.org/W3123690569","https://openalex.org/W3123965305","https://openalex.org/W3124284008","https://openalex.org/W3124718896","https://openalex.org/W3124753968","https://openalex.org/W3124797613","https://openalex.org/W3125426360","https://openalex.org/W3125701855","https://openalex.org/W3125747705","https://openalex.org/W3126013515","https://openalex.org/W6612460583","https://openalex.org/W6632304935","https://openalex.org/W6698464182","https://openalex.org/W7096114307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2520610588","https://openalex.org/W39021791","https://openalex.org/W4234662470","https://openalex.org/W3121935727","https://openalex.org/W4399829079","https://openalex.org/W7136781448","https://openalex.org/W2255603042","https://openalex.org/W7112360097","https://openalex.org/W7136579562","https://openalex.org/W1572199802"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
