{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079965615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1390333","title":"Observation of proton rear emission and possible gigagauss scale magnetic fields from ultra-intense laser illuminated plastic target","display_name":"Observation of proton rear emission and possible gigagauss scale magnetic fields from ultra-intense laser illuminated plastic target","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079965615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1390333","mag":"2079965615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1390333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1390333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1390333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66354037","display_name":"Physics of Plasmas","issn_l":"1070-664X","issn":["1070-664X","1089-7674","1527-2419"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics of Plasmas","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yoshihiro Murakami","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287467","display_name":"Institute of Laser Engineering, The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/058adca49","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467","https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshihiro Murakami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108472096","display_name":"Yoneyoshi Kitagawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1471-2236","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1471-2236"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287467","display_name":"Institute of Laser Engineering, The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/058adca49","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467","https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoneyoshi Kitagawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010001679","display_name":"Y. Sentoku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2093-7100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2093-7100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287467","display_name":"Institute of Laser Engineering, The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/058adca49","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467","https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuhiko Sentoku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103430488","display_name":"Michiaki Mori","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287467","display_name":"Institute of Laser Engineering, The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/058adca49","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467","https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michiaki Mori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112433128","display_name":"Ryosuke Kodama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2420-0894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2420-0894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287467","display_name":"Institute of Laser Engineering, The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/058adca49","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467","https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryosuke Kodama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060834758","display_name":"Kazuo A TANAKA","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-2509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-2509"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287467","display_name":"Institute of Laser Engineering, The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/058adca49","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467","https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuo A. Tanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077651168","display_name":"K. Mima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0714-8238","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0714-8238"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287467","display_name":"Institute of Laser Engineering, The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/058adca49","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467","https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunioki Mima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100854184","display_name":"Tatsuhiko Yamanaka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287467","display_name":"Institute of Laser Engineering, The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/058adca49","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467","https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuhiko Yamanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2173,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":110,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95497273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"9","first_page":"4138","last_page":"4143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10384","display_name":"Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10384","display_name":"Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11920","display_name":"Pulsed Power Technology Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10566","display_name":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-intensity-lasers","display_name":"high-intensity lasers","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-targets","display_name":"plastic targets","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-cathode","display_name":"virtual cathode","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toroidal-magnetic-field","display_name":"toroidal magnetic field","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-angular-distributions","display_name":"proton angular distributions","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-energy-distribution","display_name":"proton energy distribution","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-electrons","display_name":"hot electrons","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-ions","display_name":"fast ions","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-volume-expansion","display_name":"plasma expansion","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-in-cell-simulation","display_name":"particle-in-cell simulation","score":0.6930000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8531924486160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.7567145228385925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54516573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294","display_name":"Proton","level":2,"score":0.6865073442459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15001198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241394","display_name":"Toroid","level":3,"score":0.6553767323493958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.6541505455970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.634103536605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.6192376613616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.5554246306419373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.48749589920043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181500209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215328","display_name":"Excited state","level":2,"score":0.4636816382408142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777581452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4363928","display_name":"Pitch angle","level":2,"score":0.4193384051322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.4133337736129761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22896042466163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.21171319484710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1390333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1390333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1390333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66354037","display_name":"Physics of Plasmas","issn_l":"1070-664X","issn":["1070-664X","1089-7674","1527-2419"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics of Plasmas","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966155544","https://openalex.org/W1973776500","https://openalex.org/W1989584916","https://openalex.org/W1995335224","https://openalex.org/W1997411126","https://openalex.org/W2011671788","https://openalex.org/W2016818233","https://openalex.org/W2024970470","https://openalex.org/W2034242450","https://openalex.org/W2048590579","https://openalex.org/W2051535281","https://openalex.org/W2058173016","https://openalex.org/W2059391104","https://openalex.org/W2059757247","https://openalex.org/W2070394198","https://openalex.org/W2075009146","https://openalex.org/W2168062895","https://openalex.org/W2321888125"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059391104","https://openalex.org/W2052928421","https://openalex.org/W2063731255","https://openalex.org/W2058353410","https://openalex.org/W3012558540","https://openalex.org/W2342288497","https://openalex.org/W2335867354","https://openalex.org/W2470329423","https://openalex.org/W1990647290","https://openalex.org/W4416866781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CR-39":[0],"film":[1],"stacks":[2],"are":[3,32],"used":[4],"to":[5,80,131,134,170,175],"measure":[6],"the":[7,16,29,36,40,81,90,95,102,106,110,113,116,120,127,149,162,166,171],"energy":[8],"and":[9,98],"angular":[10,159],"distribution":[11,160],"of":[12,19,68,75,105,115,155],"protons":[13,31,63],"emitted":[14],"from":[15,35,161],"rear":[17,37,151,163],"surface":[18,164],"ultra-intense":[20],"laser":[21],"illuminated":[22],"plastic":[23],"foils.":[24],"The":[25,47,72,137,157],"experiment":[26],"suggests":[27],"that":[28,83,140],"energetic":[30],"dragged":[33],"away":[34],"surface,":[38],"where":[39],"hot":[41,91],"electron":[42],"formed":[43],"a":[44,65,84,141],"virtual":[45],"cathode.":[46],"two-dimensional":[48],"particle":[49],"in":[50],"cell":[51],"simulation":[52,138],"supports":[53],"this":[54,176],"hypothesis.":[55],"For":[56],"5":[57],"(100)":[58],"\u03bcm":[59],"thick":[60],"target,":[61],"1.8\u00d7109":[62],"have":[64],"slope":[66,104,168],"temperature":[67],"3":[69],"(2)":[70],"MeV.":[71],"ring":[73,107],"structure":[74],"proton":[76],"emission":[77],"leads":[78],"us":[79],"hypothesis":[82],"toroidal":[85,143],"magnetic":[86,117,144,177],"field":[87,118,145],"associated":[88],"with":[89,153],"electrons":[92],"works":[93,125],"on":[94,126],"fast":[96],"ions":[97,128],"deflects":[99],"them.":[100],"From":[101],"logarithmic":[103,167],"diameter":[108],"versus":[109],"ion":[111],"energy,":[112],"product":[114],"\u00d7":[119],"length":[121],"over":[122],"which":[123],"it":[124],"is":[129],"estimated":[130],"be":[132],"up":[133],"1000":[135],"MG\u22c5\u03bcm.":[136],"shows":[139],"strong":[142],"was":[146],"excited":[147],"at":[148],"target":[150],"side":[152],"expansion":[154],"plasmas.":[156],"proton\u2019s":[158],"has":[165],"similar":[169],"experimental":[172],"results":[173],"due":[174],"field.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}